Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cells the Basic Units of Life
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Cells the Basic Units of Life 1-2 Eukaryotic Cells Essential Questions/Learning Goals: Identify the different parts of a eukaryotic cell Explain the function of each type of organelle in a given eukaryotic cell. Science Terms Cell Wall Mitochondrion Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Golgi Complex vesicle Lysosome What organelles do plant and animal cells have in common? Nucleus Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm What organelles are different between plant and animal cells? Plants have … A cell wall chloroplasts Cell Wall Do all eukaryotes have a cell wall? No. Only plants and fungi have a cell wall. What is the function of the cell wall? The cell wall provides a strong outer layer that allows plants to stand upright and grow very tall. (sequoia trees). Does the cell wall need anything to keep it strong? Yes. The cell wall needs water! Cell wall continued How are the cell walls of fungi different from the cell walls of plants? The cell wall in plants is made of cellulose. The cell wall in fungi is made of chitin. Cell Membrane Do all organisms have a cell membrane? YES!!!! What is the purpose of the cell membrane? To provide a barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside environment. What is it made of? It is made of a double layer of “fats”. How do nutrients and wastes get through the membrane? The membrane has pores or small openings that allow small particles to enter or leave. Larger nutrients and wastes need to go through special protein passageways. Cytoskeleton What It is a web of proteins found throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. The word means “cell skeleton”. What is it? is its purpose? To support the cell (keep it from collapsing) To help with movement in some cells. Nucleus What It is the control center for the cell (like a brain) What kinds of cells have a nucleus? Just eukaryotes! What is it? does it contain within it? DNA DNA What DNA is the purpose of DNA? contains all of the instructions for making stuff the cell needs and directions for reproduction. Inside the Nucleus Does the Nucleus have a membrane? Yes a double layered membrane What’s inside the nucleus? The nucleolus (little nucleus) What does the Nucleolus Do? We’re not sure, but we think that ribosomes are made here. How do the ribosomes get out of the nucleolus and nucleus to enter the cytoplasm? The ribosomes travel from the nucleus to the rest of the cell through pores or small openings in the nuclear membrane. Ribosomes Ribo = colored and Some = body Do they have a membrane? No! What They make proteins from smaller pieces called amino acids. Do do they do for the cell? cells have many ribosomes? Yes, ribosomes are the most numerous organelles in a cell. Where in a cell can you find Ribosomes? Some are found floating in the cytoplasm Some are found attached to membranes. They make the endoplasmic reticulum into rough endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endo means: Within Plasmic means: Fluid Reticulum means: Passageways or tubes Fluid Filled (within) Passageways. What is the purpose of the ER? They are like highways, roads, or hallways for moving things within a cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum Two Types of ER Smooth ER: No Ribosomes (it looks smooth) Makes lipids (fats) Breaks down toxic materials Rough ER: Has ribosomes all along its length (looks rough) Purpose: Makes proteins (because of the ribosomes!) Found closer to the nucleus Mitochondria Purpose: “Powerhouse” for the cell. Provides the cell with energy. How does it do this? It breaks sugar into an energy molecule called ATP Do all cells have mitochondria? No, but most do. Mito’s continued What Mitochondria have their own DNA that is different from the rest of the cell. What is “odd” about DNA and Mitochondria? could this mean? It has been theorized that mitochondria were once separate organisms that “fused” into another cell in a symbiotic relationship (mutualism!) Chloroplasts Purpose: Make food for cell from light. What kinds of cells have them? Plant cells. (green parts only!) What is the name of the process that allows chloroplasts to make food from light? Photosynthesis Chloroplast Golgi Complex Purpose: Food Storage (like a grocery store) Packages Looks and stores proteins for the cell like: The Smooth ER, except the passages are closed off. A stack of pancakes. Golgi Complex Cell Compartments Vesicles: Carry things around the cell Can even bring things to be dumped outside of the cell. Cellular Digestion Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down wastes and other bad things. (think of Lysol!) Found mostly in animal cells Vacuoles: Usually store water Can store enzymes too. Found mostly in plants cells. Helps keep the cell strong too (full vacuole keeps the cell more rigid
