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Download Ribosomes - Sonoma Valley High School
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Eukaryotic Cells It’s what you are made of! Organelles all Eukaryotes share • • • • • • • • • • Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Nucleus • Contains the DNA that holds the genetic code for making proteins • The DNA is held on strands called chromosomes • The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope Ribosomes • Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum • They assemble the proteins for the cell Think: Analogy- if the cell was a city what would the ribosomes be? Endoplasmic reticulum • Lipids are made in the ER • Both lipids and proteins are transported through the ER to the outside of the cell. Golgi apparatus • It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials • These materials are either stored in the golgi apparatus or secreted out of the cell think: Analogy- if the cell was a city what would the golgi apparatus be? Lysosomes • Small organelles filled with enzymes • The enzymes breakdown large compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. • The cell then reuses the smaller compounds to make new ones Vacuoles & cytoplasm • Vacuoles store water, salt, proteins and carbohydrates • Vacuoles also serve as support structures in plants • The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell in which all the other organelles float. Mitochondria • Mitochondria convert chemical energy stored in food into smaller compounds • Respiration occurs in the mitochondria think: Analogy- if the cell was a city what would the mitochondria be? Cell membrane & cytoskeleton • The cell membrane is the boundary between the cell and it’s environment • The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that help the cell keep its shape Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and a few protists • Photosynthesis, the process that converts solar energy to chemical energy, occurs here Summary 1. Which organelle makes proteins for the cell? 2. Which organelle breaks apart large molecules? 3. Which organelle sorts and packages materials for the cell?
