Download Organization_of_the_human_body_ppt_111

Body Structure and
Function
Organization of the Human Body
Lesson Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, students should
be able to …
• List the organizational levels of the human body.
• Discuss the structural unit of the cell and briefly
explain the function of each of its components.
Lesson Objectives
• List the systems of the body and identify the
organs located in each system.
• List and explain the major functions of the organ
systems that comprise the human body.
• Explain the differences between passive and
active transport.
Organization of the Body
Atoms
Cells
Tissues
Molecules
Organs
Handout
Organ
Systems
Atoms
Consists of:
• Protons and neutrons
Elements Found in the Human Body
FYI
Protons, neutrons,
and electrons form
elements such as:
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Aluminum (Al)
Carbon (C)
Calcium (Ca)
Hydrogen (H)
Iron (Fe)
Magnesium (Mg)
Nitrogen (N)
Oxygen (O or O2)
Phosphorous (P)
Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Zinc (Zn)
Molecules
• two or more atoms
• constant motion
• Can be solids, liquids, or gases
Molecules
• In water molecules (H20), two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom are
chemically joined together
• Water contains millions of molecules
Cells
• basic unit of life
• building block
of the human
body
• millions of
different types
Cells In the Human Body
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Bone cells
Nerve cells
Fat cells
Reproductive cells
Skeletal muscle cells
Blood cells
Smooth muscle cells
Though each cell has a unique function and feature,
many features are recognized amongst all cells
Human Cell Activity
•Color
•Label
Human cell
Components of a Cell
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
Cell Membrane
• The outer covering of the cell
• Helps maintain the cell’s shape
• Has the capability of allowing some
substances to pass into and out of the cell
Cilia
▫ Small hair-like projections that
cover the cell’s surface
▫ Aids in increasing the overall
surface area of a cell
▫ Works by propelling substances
along a cell’s surface
Flagella
▫ Tail-like structures that enable a
cell to move through plasma,
▫ Example: sperm cell
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like substance
• Eighty percent water and generally
clear in color, gel like
• Provides storage and work areas for
the cell
Organelles
• Structures found within cytoplasm
• function and purpose to maintain
vitality
Nucleus
• cell’s metabolism, growth, and
reproduction
• the control center
• Holds the chromosomes of the
cell
Tissues
• grouping of
specialized cells
which share the
same function
and purpose
Epithelial Tissue
• outer layer of
skin, the surface
of organs, and
lining the walls
of body cavities
• Forms ducts,
tubes and parts
of certain
glands
• Arranged in a
flat formation
Connective Tissue
• Most abundant of all
the body tissues
• Can be liquid or gellike and fills spaces
between cells
• Functions include
covering muscles,
and connecting
muscles to bones and
bones to joints
Types of Muscle Tissue
• Voluntary (striated)
▫ Form skeletal muscle
▫ Controlled by a person’s will
• Involuntary (smooth)
▫ Controlled by the autonomic
nervous system
Types of Muscle Tissue (cont)
• Cardiac muscle tissue
▫ Form the heart muscles
▫ Under the control autonomic
nervous system
Nerve Tissue
• Composed of neurons (nerve cells)
• Acts as the functional unit of the
nervous system
Organs
• Composed of
several types of
tissue
• Work together
as a unit
• Perform special
functions
Electrolytes
• carry electrical impulses to other
cells
• Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte
concentrations in the blood constant
Electrolytes in the Human Body
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Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Chloride (Cl)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Phosphate (PO4)
Sulfate (SO4)