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CHAPTER 2 EARLY SOUTHWEST ASIA • • • • • Complex Urban Specialists Socio/cultural Mesopotamia CIVILIZATION SUMERIANS • Writing CUNEIFORM • Poems • Heroism • Good vs. Evil EPIC OF GILGAMESH BABYLONIANS • 300 laws • Adultery, slavery, prostitution • Punishment CODE OF HAMMURABI • What protections did women have in Babylonian law? Why is it clear that this was a patriarchal society? • What kind of economy did Babylonia have? How were economic disputes settled? • Are these laws similar to laws in our modern societies? • Math • Astronomy SCIENCES • Not before 10,000 bce • Widespread: 4,000 bce • Wheat/barley • Fermentation • Flavors • Trial and errors BEER • “They placed food in front of him, they placed beer in front of him; Enkidu knew nothing about eating bread for food, and of drinking beer he had not been taught. The young woman spoke to Enkidu saying: Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land. He drank the beer-seven jugs!and became expansive and sang with joy.” EPIC OF GILGAMESH • Religious • Supernatural forces • Today? • Drink to: good health, happy marriage, etc. • Healthy? • Boiled water • Protein, Vitamin B BEER • Settled, orderly life vs. pre-agricultural times • Payment • Laborers, officials, bride price • Friendly, unpretentious social interaction • Throughout history? BEER • 1800 bce to Palestine • Religion • Old Testament • Yahweh • Impact? HEBREWS • Hebrews • Trade with Egypt, Mesopotamia • Egypt: • architecture, math, writing • Mesopotamia: • political traditions The Mediterranean Region
