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Ancient Civilizations Mesopotamia What Makes a Civilization • • • • • • • Political System Agriculture Religious system Writing System Permanent settlements Labor specialization Education Mesopotamia • Sumer – Had many different city states – Had a monotheistic religious system – Had a monarchy for government – Use of Cuneiform for a writing system. Mesopotamia • Sumerian Literature: – The Epic of Gilgamesh • Story of mythological King Gilgamesh and his travels. – The Epic is the first known piece of literature. Mesopotamian Firsts • The Wheel • Permanent settlements • Writing system • Unified religious system • Mathematics • Time keeping • The Sail Question? • Why did the Mesopotamians settle in the area that they did? • What do you think allowed them to settle down for the first time in history? • What do they have in common with other ancient civilizations?