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Magnitude • How bright a star looks depends on: – How far it is from Earth – How bright the star actually is Apparent Magnitude • Brightness as seen from Earth • Closer objects can appear brighter than objects far away Absolute Magnitude • Brightness a star would have if it were at a standard distance from the Earth • Scientists study globular clusters to compare brightness of stars • All about same distance from Earth Brightness of Stars • Depends on size and temperature • Betelgeuse fairly cool, but big. Shines brightly • Rigel is a lot smaller than Betelgeuse, but it’s hot, so it also shines brightly Classifying Stars • Classified according to – Size – Temperature – Brightness (magnitude) Color and Temperature of Stars Betelgeuse (red star) Rigel (blue-white star) ORION Color and Temperature of Stars • Color reveals temperature of stars • Red stars – Cooler, about 3,200 degrees Celsius • White stars – About 5,500 degrees Celsius (the Sun) • Blue stars – Hottest stars, over 10,000 degrees Celsius – Rigel is 15,000 degrees