Download Planets & Stars

Planets & Stars
S4E1. Students will compare and contrast the physical attributes of stars, star patterns, and
planets.
a. Recognize the physical attributes of stars in the night sky such as number, size, color and patterns.
b. Compare the similarities and differences of planets to the stars in appearance, position, and
number in the night sky.
c. Explain why the pattern of stars in a constellation stays the same, but a planet can be seen in
different locations at different times.
d. Identify how technology is used to observe distant objects in the sky.
S4E2. Students will model the position and motion of the earth in the solar system and will
explain the role of relative position and motion in determining sequence of the phases of the
moon.
a. Explain the day/night cycle of the earth using a model.
b. Explain the sequence of the phases of the moon.
c. Demonstrate the revolution of the earth around the sun and the earth’s tilt to explain the seasonal
changes.
d. Demonstrate the relative size and order from the sun of the planets in the solar system.
S4E2a Day & Night
Every day, the sun seems to rise in
the east. It reaches its highest point
around noon. Later, it appears to
set in the west. Darkness follows.
We have this cycle of day and night
because the Earth rotates, or spins,
on its axis. Earth’s axis is an
imaginary line that passes through
the North and South Poles.
When a place on Earth faces the
sun, that place has day. When
that place faces away from the
sun, it has night. Earth’s cycle of
daylight and darkness repeats about
every 24 hours.
Our system of time is based on this 24 hour cycle.
Long ago, people in different places used local
time. Local time was based on when sunrise and
sunset happened in that place. Because sunrise
and sunset occur at different times in different
places, there was no exact way to tell time.
In 1884, people set up 24 time zones around the
world. Each time zone represents one of the
hours in the day. All the places within a time zone,
from Puerto Rico in the east to Hawaii in the west.
Mr. Parr Earth’s orbit song
Investigate
Somewhere in the World Right Now.
From Picture-Perfect Science Lessons page 263
Written by Karen Ansberry and Emily Morgan
Writing
Suppose a friend form the Southern Hemisphere plans to
visit you in December. Write a letter in which you
explain what kind of clothes to pack and why.
Friendly letter template on the next slide.
Science writing self assessment after template.
(Taken from Writing Strategies for Science by Sarah K Clark)
(Rubric in teaching resources).
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Dear ___________________________,
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____________________________,
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Name: ____________________________________________________________
Self-Assessment
Title: ___________________________________
Date: _________________
Topic: _________________________________________________________
Directions: Answer the questions below to self-assess your writing.
1. Capitalization
__________ Did I capitalize the first word of each sentence?
__________ Did I capitalize proper nouns such as names and places?
2. Punctuation
__________ Did I put a ., !, or a ? at the end of each sentence?
__________ Did I use commas in a series?
__________ Did I use commas in dates?
__________ Have I been careful not to use the exclamation point too much?
__________ Have I used quotation marks when I needed them?
3. Handwriting
__________ Did I write neatly?
__________ Are there missing words that need to be added?
__________ Are there extra words that need to be deleted?
4. Spelling
__________ Did I check my spelling?
5. Overall Content
__________ Have I been clear about the topic of my writing?
__________ Is it easy to tell what the main idea is?
__________ Have I used any special words or phrases that add to my writing?
__________ Are there any words or phrases that are confusing?
__________ Have I used an interesting lead?
__________ Have I considered what would make my writing better?
6. Science Content
__________ Did I use the correct science terms?
__________ Did I write about the science topic accurately?
__________ Did I do adequate research on the science topic?
__________ Did I use my own words?
__________ Do I clearly understand the science topic I am writing about?
S4E2b Moon Phases
Read the Moon Book by Gail Gibbons
The moon is a large object that revolves around
Earth. It takes about 29 ½ days for the moon to
complete one orbit. The moon’s light is reflected
sunlight.
Over 29 ½ days, the moon’s shape seems to
change. The different shapes are called phases.
These phases follow a regular pattern, or cycle.
What causes these changes? As the moon orbits
Earth, we see different amounts of its lit surface.
When we see all of the moon’s lit side, this is
a full moon. After that you see less of the
moon each day. After about 15 days, you
cannot see any of the lit side. This is a new
moon. For about 15 days after the new
moon, we see more and more of the moon.
Finally, we see all of the lit side again.
Then the cycle repeats.
Waxing-getting lighter Waning- getting darker
HSP Science Moon Phases
Mr. Parr’s Moon Phases
September
SUN
MON
TUE
WED THUR
FRI
SAT
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Writing
Write a story about life on the moon. What
would you do with an entire day of light?
Or total darkness?
S4E2c Earth’s Tilt and the Seasons
Night comes after day. Spring comes after winter.
These changes happen because of the two
different ways that Earth moves.
Earth turns around on it axis. It takes about 24
hours for Earth to make one full turn.
Earth also revolves, or travels in a path around the
sun. An orbit is the path of one object in pace
around another. Earth’s orbit takes about 365
days, or one year.
As Earth revolves, one part is tilted toward
the sun. This part receives more eat and
light. It is summer there. The other part
of Earth is tilted away from the sun. That
part of Earth receives less heat and light.
It is winter there.
The seasons change as Earth orbits the sun.
This happens because the part of Earth
that is tilted toward the sun changes.
S4E2d Our Solar System
A solar system (solar is Latin for sun) is a group of objects in space
that travel around a star. The sun is the star in the center of our
solar system.
Our solar system has different kinds of objects. There are planets,
“dwarf planets,” moons, and asteroids. A planet is a large object
that revolves around a star in a clear orbit. A “dwarf planet” also
revolves around a star, but its path is not clear of other objects.
Our solar system has eight planets. They all orbit the sun. Scientists
put these planets into two groups. The inner planets are closer to
the sun. The outer planets are farther from the sun. These two
groups are separated by a ring of small, rocky objects. These
objects are asteroids.
Planet sizes- marble, ping pong ball, basketball (page 75 science book)
Compare & Contrasting
Inner Planets
Outer Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth , Mars
 Rocky surfaces
 Smaller than outer planets
 No more than 2 moons
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
 Made of gases (gas giants)
 Larger than inner planets
 Have many moons
What’s the same?
Both inner and outer planets are
a part of the solar system.
All planets orbit the sun.
How can you remember the order
of the planets from the Sun?
My Very Energetic Mother Just Saw Unpopular Nerds.
My Vacuum Eats My Jumper, Shirt, Underwear…. Nasty!!
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Can you come up with your own way?
Blast off on a Trip through Our Solar System
Mr. Parr Planets Around a Star Song
Investigate
Distance between the Planets. (Lab Manual)
Inner/Outer Planets foldable. Big book of
science foldables page 49
Writing
Write a story with at least 2 characters…
Include 5 facts about the planet you are
studying.
Science Story
Use this story map to help you plan your science story.
Setting (Where and when does the story take place?)
Characters (Who or what are the people, animals, or
organisms I the story?)
Conflict/Problem (What is the science-related problem?)
Action/Events (What are the attempts to solve the
problem?)
Science Facts- Include 5 facts from the planet you are
studying.
Solution- (How does the story end?)
From Integrating Science with
Reading Instruction
Pages 92-96
S4E1a Stars
EQ: How do I determine the size, color, and
brightness of stars?
A star is a huge ball of very hot gas that
gives off its own light. The sun is only
one of many stars you can see. There
are many billions of stars. You can
see many stars with your eyes alone,
but you need a telescope to see most
stars. They are very far from Earth and
from each other.
Properties of Stars
Color
Size
Brightness
Color
Stars come in different colors. A
star’s color depends on how hot its
surface is. The hottest stars are
blue, and the coolest stars are
red. In between are white,
yellow, and orange stars. Our sun
is a yellow star.
Size
A star’s size is the distance from its
surface to its center. Our sun is a
medium-size star. The largest stars are up
to 1,000 times larger than our sun. The
largest stars are called giants and
supergiants. The smallest stars are
called white dwarfs.
Click here to watch a video about star size
Brightness
A star’s brightness depends on its size and
how hot it is. Larger and hotter stars are
brighter than smaller and cooler stars.
Brighter stars send out more light energy.
A dim star that is close to Earth can appear
brighter than a more distant star that is
actually very bright.
Mr. Parr Types of Stars
Fill in the chart.
Tell the temperatures of each type of star.
Temperature
Hottest
Cooler
Coolest
Star Color
S4E1 b&c Groups of Stars
The Big Dipper is part of a constellation. A
constellation is a group of stars that make an
imaginary picture.
A galaxy has billion of stars. A galaxy is a huge
system of gases, dust, and stars. Our solar
system if on the edge of the Milky Way galaxy.
Scientists use telescopes to observe different
galaxies.
The universe everything in space. It has billions
of galaxies.
Seasonal Star Positions
Each day the sun appears to move in the sky. But
the sun does not move. It only seems to move
as Earth rotates on its axis.
At night the stars seem to move. Their positions
appear to change from season to season. But
this is due to Earth’s movement. As Earth
revolves around the sun, we see different parts
of space at different times of year.
Planets and stars look like tiny dots of light. It is
hard to tell them apart. If the small dot seems to
twinkle, it’s probably a star. Planets shine with a
steady light. Most stars are trillions of kilometers
away from Earth. Planets are much closer to
Earth.
Suppose you watched a planet every night for many
months. You’d see that it seems to move back
and forth through the stars. They are so far away
from Earth, it is hard to detect their motion.
HSP Constellations
Questions?
Why can you see different patterns of stars in different
seasons? Because Earth orbits the sun.
Why would you have to wait a year to see some
constellations in the same places you spot them tonight?
It will take about that long for Earth to move back to the
same position relative to the constellation.
Investigate
Stargazers from More Picture-Perfect
Science Lessons by Karen Ansberry &
Emily Morgan. Pages 179-196
Make constellation finder.
Make a Constellation model. Page 91
Writing
Many American Indian tribes have legends
about the stars. Choose an American
Indian tribe and find a story its people tell
about the stars. Draw pictures and write
captions to go with the story.
S4E1d What can we see in the sky?
Many ancient cultures have watched the changing night
sky. Ancient people named the constellations The early
Greeks identified Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and
Saturn, which are visible with the unaided eye. The
Italian astronomer Galileo was one of the first people to
use a telescope to study the planets and the stars. He
discovered Jupiter’s four largest moons, and he observed
that Venus has phases like the moon does.
HSP Hubble Scrapbook
Mr. Parr Tools of Astronomy
Investigate
Make a telescope.
Review Questions
Credits
Harcourt School Publishers Georgia Science
More Picture-Perfect Science by Karen
Ansberry and Emily Morgan
Moon Book by Gail Gibbons