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Transcript
The Next Large X-ray Mission Constellation-X Harvey Tananbaum and the Constellation-X Team November 14, 2007 Astrophysics 2020: Large Space Missions Beyond the Next Decade X-ray emission probes the physics of extreme processes, places and events Black Holes Strong Gravity Neutron Stars (B ~ 1012G) Supernovae Magnetars (B ~ 1014G) Cosmic Accelerators Dark Matter Dark Energy High temperatures, intense gravity, strong magnetic fields — explosions, collisions, shocks, and collapsed objects Conditions not achievable in earth-bound labs or accelerators X-ray observations can only be made from space http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov Accretion Disks and X-ray Reflection The Iron fluorescence emission line is created when X-rays scatter and are absorbed in dense matter, close to the event horizon of the black hole. XMM-Newton Schwarzschild Kerr (spinning) http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov Constellation-X Observation of Matter Falling Towards a Super-Massive Black Hole Constellation-X Observations QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov Testing GR via consistency of measurements If GR is correct, Con-X measured spin and mass should be independent of radius of bright spot GR incorrect GR correct F=510-11 erg/s/cm2; EW=20eV; M=6107 r=2.5 ; a=0.95 ; i=30 degrees C. Reynolds University of Maryland http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov Constellation-X Science Objectives Black Holes Observe hot matter spiraling into Black Holes to test the effects of General Relativity Trace their evolution with cosmic time, their contribution to the energy output of the Universe and their effect on galaxy formation Dark Matter and Dark Energy Use clusters of galaxies to trace the locations of Dark Matter and as independent probes to constrain the amount and evolution of Dark Energy Search for the missing baryonic matter in the Cosmic Web Cycles of Matter and Energy Study dynamics of Cosmic Feedback (outflow of mechanical energy, radiation, and chemical elements from star formation and black holes to the interstellar and intergalactic medium) Track creation of heavy elements in supernovae, determine equation of state for neutron stars, study stellar activity and protoplanetary systems, and analyze X-rays from solar system objects http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov Constellation-X: A Future Astrophysics Great Observatory ALMA JWST IR Sub-mm GSMT LST X-ray Constellation-X Optical The two order of magnitude increase in capability of Constellation-X is well matched to that of other large facilities planned for the 2010-2020 decade http://constellation.gsfc.nasa.gov