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Out of this World
Space
13.1 Intro to Space
The Universe
The Universe is everything that exists,
including all matter and energy
everywhere.
By studying stars, planets, and other
objects in the sky, you will learn where
Earth is located in the universe.
Rotation vs Revolution
Rotation
– the spinning of an
object around it’s axis.
Axis runs North to South.
- One rotation of the Earth
takes 24 hours. (East)
Rotation vs Revolution
Revolution
– the movement of one object
travelling around another.
- It takes the Earth one year to
travel, or revolve, in a circle around
the Sun counter-clockwise.
- This motion allows us to see
different constellations during
different seasons.
The Sun
No life could exist on any planet in our solar
system without the energy provided by the
Sun
1.
2.Nuclear
Fusion -Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form
helium nuclei.
3.When
the substances fuse together it produces
large amounts of heat, light, and other energy
that travel from the Sun into space.
4.The
Sun is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium.
Characteristics of Stars
The sun is an average temperature for a
star… how do we know?
We can compare stars by colour,
temperature, size and brightness.
Size
Dwarf Star
Sun
Giant Star
Super Giant Star
Colour and Temperature
Colour:
Stars range in colour from blue (white), orange,
yellow, red
Blue ----------- Yellow (Sun) ----------- > Red
Temperature:
Stars range in temperature from 2000oC--50 000oC.
50 000oC ---------5 000oC (Sun)--------- > 2 000oC
Life of a Star
They are born, grow and die
They are born from a nebula (collection of
gas
See page 469 in your text.
Galaxies and Star Clusters
A huge collection of gas, dust and
hundreds of billions of stars and
planets.
We are in the Milky Way Galaxy.
Galaxies come in various shapes:
spiral, (like the Milky Way), barred
spiral, elliptical, irregular
Galaxies and Star Clusters
What is a Quasar?
Objects that look like faint stars
but emit up to 100x more energy
than our entire galaxy.
What is a light-year?
The distance that light rays
travel in one year. (9.46 x 1012
km)
Planets
The gas planets are
larger then the terrestrial
planets
“My Very Educated
Mother Just Served Us
Nine Pizzas”
Minor Bodies
Large natural objects that revolve
around planets are called satellites or
moons.
Asteroids
– There is an asteroid belt between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
– They orbit around the sun
Minor Bodies
Meteoroid, meteor, meteorites
– Meteoroids are chunks of rock in space.
– Meteors are chunks of rock that has enetered into
earth’s atmosphere
– Meteorites are chunks of rock that has hit the earth
Comets
– A comet is a chunk of frozen matter that
travels in a very long orbit around the Sun.
– Hayley’s comet orbits every 76 years
Constellations
Constellations are a group of stars
that form an image
Some constellations can only be
seen at certain times in the year
Space Probes
Why are space probes unmanned?
Space probes are unmanned because
they are small in size and are sent on
missions in which there is no returning.
What are space probes
They are unmanned space vehicles that
are sent out to gather information
Other
The term “light year” is used to
describe distance
A very dense object in space that even
sucks in light is a black hole…
A quasar emits huge amount of energy
Density is the amount of stuff packed
into a volume
A luminous object is an object that can
make its own light