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Entrepreneurship Teamwork Engineering of Mechanical Department of Technology, Institute BS&H, GMR Rajam Humility How to Select a Capacitor Banks – Constant/Linear/Non Linear load: Industry Follow Methods Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Page -1 Respect for Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam What is power factor ? Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam How it affects the system? 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 3 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Any Analogy in Practical Perspective? 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 4 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Any Analogy in Much Simpler way? 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 5 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam (1) Fixed type capacitor banks The reactive power supplied by the fixed capacitor bank is constant irrespective of any variations in the power factor and the load of the receivers. These capacitor banks are switched on either manually (circuit breaker/ switch) or semi automatically by a remote-controlled contactor. This arrangement uses one or more capacitor to provide a constant level of compensation. These capacitors are applied at the terminals of inductive loads (mainly motors), at bus bars Disadvantage: • • • • Manual ON/OFF operation. Not meet the require kvar under varying loads. Penalty by electricity authority. Power factor also varies as a function of the load requirements so it is difficult to maintain a consistent power factor by use of Fixed Compensation i.e. fixed capacitors. • Fixed Capacitor may provide leading power factor under light load conditions, Due to This result in over voltages, saturation of transformers, mal-operation of diesel generating sets, penalties by electric supply authorities. Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for Individual Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Humility 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 7 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Then, Where should we use? Application: • • • • • Where the load factor is reasonably constant. Electrical installations with constant load operating 24 hours a day Reactive compensation of transformers. Individual compensation of motors. Where the kvar rating of the capacitors is less than, or equal to 15% of the supply transformer rating, a fixed value of compensation is appropriate. • Size of Fixed Capacitor bank Qc ≤ 15% kVA transformer 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 8 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Automatic type capacitor banks: The reactive power supplied by the capacitor bank can be adjusted according to variations in the power factor and the load of the receivers. These capacitor banks are made up of a combination of capacitor steps (step = capacitor + contactor) connected in parallel. Switching on and off of all or part of the capacitor bank is controlled by an integrated power factor controller. The equipment is applied at points in an installation where the active-power or reactive power Variations are relatively large, for example: At the bus bars of a main distribution switch-board, At the terminals of a heavily-loaded feeder cable. Where the kvar rating of the capacitors is less than, or equal to 15% of the supply transformer rating, a fixed value of compensation is appropriate. Above the 15% level, it is advisable to install an automatically-controlled bank of capacitors. Control is usually provided by contactors. For compensation of highly fluctuating loads, fast and highly repetitive connection of capacitors is necessary, and static switches must be used. Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for Individual of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Humility Method Individual capacitors Fixed bank Entrepreneurship Advantages Most technically efficient, most flexible Most economical, fewer installations Automatic bank Best for variable loads, prevents over voltages, low installation cost Combination Most practical for larger numbers of motors Deliver The Promise Learning Teamwork Disadvantages Higher installation & maintenance cost Less flexible, requires switches and/or circuit breakers Higher equipment cost Least flexible Social Responsibility Respect for Individual of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork System Voltage Minimum rating of capacitor bank 3.3 KV , 6.6KV 75 Kvar 11 KV 200 Kvar 22 KV 400 Kvar 33 KV 600 Kvar Selecting Size of Capacitor Bank: The size of the inductive load is large enough to select the minimum size of capacitors that is practical. For HT capacitors the minimum ratings that are practical are as follows: • 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 11 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam 1. Selection of Capacitor as per Non Liner Load: 2. Effect of series and Parallel Connection of capacitor: 3. Can we connect the capacitors in delta? Then what is its effect? 4.Can we connect the capacitors in star connection? Then what is its effect? 5. Can we connect the capacitors in star connection with ground? Then what is its effect? 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 12 Individual Humility Entrepreneurship Teamwork of Mechanical Department Technology, of Engineering GMR Institute Rajam Placement of Power Capacitor Bank for Motor: Location 1 (The line side of the starter): Then what will happen? Location 2 (Between the overload relay and the starter): Then what will happen? Location 3(The motor side of the overload relay):Then what will happen? 22-May-17 Deliver The Promise Learning Social Responsibility Respect for 13 Individual