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Galactic Address, Galaxies, and Stars There’s no place like home… • www.Googlemaps.com • Powers of Ten video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEuEx 1jnt0M • What is your galactic address? Galactic Address • Name • Room 226 • Cinnaminson Middle School • Cinnaminson • Burlington County • New Jersey • United States of America • North America • Northern Hemisphere • Earth • Solar System • Milky Way Galaxy • Local Group • Virgo Supercluster • Universe Galaxies • A large group of stars (million+), gas, and dust held together by gravity. 4 shapes of galaxies • • • • Spiral-normal Spiral-barred Elliptical Irregular Spiral - Normal Spiral - Barred Elliptical Irregular The Milky Way What happens when galaxies collide? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOLJXNM4C8k&feature=related Power of Ten – Again! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EMLPJqeW78Q Stars What is a star? What is a star? • A star is an object in space that produces its own light and heat through nuclear reactions. Size of Stars • Stars can be as small as Earth or as large as the orbit of Jupiter. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q Surface Features Surface Features • Sunspots - cooler, darker areas. Surface Features • Flares – erupting columns of gas caused by sunspots. Surface Features • Prominences - arching columns of gas Prominences Not the actual location of Earth Surface Features • Coronal Mass Ejections (CME’s) – electrically charged particles sent towards Earth. CME’s • Can disrupt radio, satellite, and phone use. • Also causes auroras to occur. http://spaceweather.com/swpod2011/22sep11/media.mp4 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0304/02.html CME’s • Earth’s magnetic field helps protect us from the CME’s. http://missionscience.na sa.gov/sun/sunVideo_0 4magnetosphere.html Constellations What is this constellation? Cassiopeia Constellations • Constellations are patterns of stars in the sky. • Stars are organized into 88 constellations. Constellations • Constellations can help identify directions in the sky and time of year. Constellations • Constellations also may tell a story. Star Classification Observe a candle flame • What colors do you notice? • Why are there different colors? • How does a candle look up close? Far away? Classification • Stars are organized by temperature and brightness. Temperature • Hot stars are blue-white • Cool stars are red-yellow H-R Diagram • H-R Diagram - a chart used to classify stars based on temperature and absolute magnitude (brightness). brightness bright dim hot temperature cool