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Classifying Stars A brief overview of how stars are formed and how to classify them Enter Click the links below to navigate How a star is formed Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram The mass of a star A look at the H-R diagram Life cycle of a star Extra practice Stellar classification About the author Types of stars- Part I Resources Types of stars- Part II Quit How is a Star Formed? Stars begin their lives as nebula Gravity then pulls together dust and gas from the nebula to form a protostar These clouds of dust and hydrogen gas then collapse under their own gravity The center of this cloud then becomes very hot and nuclear fusion occurs. This process releases so much energy that the star then shines with its own light. Quit Stars are Different Sizes Stars have a life cycle that depends on the initial mass of the star. The more mass a star has, the faster it will burn. Low mass stars, or small stars, survive for billions of years. These small stars die quietly, and in their place, a small white dwarf is left behind. High mass stars, or large stars, survive for a few million years. These large stars die in supernova explosions, and in their place, a black hole is left behind. Quit Summary: Life Cycle of a Star Click on the picture above to watch a video from the history channel on the life cycle of a star! Quit Videos to Watch • http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php ?video_id=73345 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80eMTnn Ljhs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1B H34Q What is Stellar Classification? The classification of stars is based on the elements they absorb and their temperature, and are listed from hottest to coldest Class Temperature Conventional Color Mass (The Sun=1) Radius (The Sun=1) Luminosity (The Sun=1) O 30,100–60,000 K blue 60 M☉ 15 R☉ 1,400,000 L☉ B 10,100–30,000 K blue white 18 M☉ 7 R☉ 20,000 L☉ A 7,600–10,000 K white 3.1 M☉ 2.1 R☉ 80 L☉ F 6,100–7,500 K yellowish white 1.7 M☉ 1.3 R☉ 6 L☉ G 5,100–6,000 K yellow 1.1 M☉ 1.1 R☉ 1.2 L☉ K 3,600–5,000 K orange 0.8 M☉ 0.9 R☉ 0.4 L☉ M 2,000–3,500 K red 0.3 M☉ 0.4 R☉ 0.04 L☉ Quit Types of Stars Type B stars in the Pleiades open star cluster Type O Stars in Orion’s Belt Quit Types of Stars (continued) Type F Star- Procyon Type K Star- Arcturus Above: Type A Star- Vega Below: Type A Star-Sirius Type M Star- Betelgeuse Type G Star- The Sun Quit The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram The H-R Diagram shows the relationship between absolute magnitude, luminosity, classification, and effective temperatures of stars. It is a graph that plots star color versus its luminosity. The H-R Diagram can be used to define different types of stars. It can also be used by scientists to measure how far away a star cluster is from the Earth. Quit A Look at the H-R Diagram Quit Star Cut-Outs For your assignment, print this slide, color the stars the appropriate color and cut out. Then, put the stars in order from coldest to hottest Betelgeuse Aldebaran 3,100 C The Sun 5,000 C 0.04 L 5,400 C 0.4 L 1.2 L Polaris 6,100 C 6L Vega Spica 10,000 C 31,000 C Regulus 80 L 1,400,000 L 20,000 C 20,000 L Quit Resources Life Cycle Video: Teacher Tube Images: Wikipedia- Nebulas Deep Space Photos Star Field Observatory Hubble Information Center H-R Diagram Quit