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Download A Story about a Star`s Life
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Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star… How I wonder what you are… • Stars have • Different colors • Which indicate different temperatures • The hotter a star is, the faster it burns its life away. The Magnitude Scale • About 150 B.C., the Greek astronomer Hipparchus measured apparent brightness of stars using units called magnitudes • Brightest stars had magnitude 1 and dimmest had magnitude 6 • The system is still used today and units of measurement are called apparent magnitudes to emphasize how bright a star looks to an observer • A star’s apparent magnitude depends on the star’s luminosity and distance – a star may appear dim because it is very far away or it does not emit much energy Stars Start From Clouds • Clouds provide the gas and dust from which stars form. Stellar Nursery Gravity pulls the dust and gas together to form protostars. Protostars ←Protostars start in nebulas. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars A Star is Formed As the mass falls together it gets hot. A star is formed when it is hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to Massive Stars Sun-likefuse Stars together to make helium This is nuclear fusion A Main Sequence star It immediately enters a long stable period where the outward pressure created by nuclear Massive Stars Sun-like Stars fusion balances the force of gravity Death Cycle The mass of the star determines it’s fate. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Death Cycle ←If the mass of the star is less than 8 solar masses, it follows the cycle to the left. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Death Cycle ←When all the Hydrogen is converted to Helium the forces become unbalanced and a RED GIANT is formed. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Death Cycle ←When all the Helium is converted to Carbon, a PLANETARY NEBULA is formed. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Death Cycle ←The remaining hot Carbon core is called a WHITE DWARF. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Death Cycle ← After cooling, it is called a BLACK DWARF. Sun-like Stars Massive Stars Death Cycle If the mass of the star is greater than 8 solar masses, it follows the cycle to the right. Sun-like Stars → Massive Stars Death Cycle As the nuclear fuel is consumed, a SUPER RED GIANT is formed. Sun-like Stars → Massive Stars Death Cycle Once fusion stops, a SUPERNOVA occurs. Sun-like Stars → Massive Stars Death Cycle If the left over core is less than 1.4 solar masses, a NEUTRON STAR is formed. Sun-like Stars → Massive Stars Death Cycle If the leftover core, is greater than 1.4 solar masses, a BLACK HOLE forms. → Massive Stars Matter leftover from the explosion of dying stars returns to the universe and can be recycled into new stars. Life Cycle of a Star Rubric 1. Go to the websites listed on the back of this paper to get more information on a star’s life cycle. 2. Your assignment is to use the 10 cards you have been given to illustrate the life cycles of sun-like stars, huge stars, and giant stars. 3. You will need a card for each of the following: nebula(stellar nursery), protostar, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf, red supergiant, supernova, neutron star, and black hole 4. You will have one card for each stage of the star’s life. 5. On the front of each card you need to draw and color the star. You must also label the stage of the star. 6. On the back you need to include 3-5 pieces of information about that stage from your research. 7. During the following period you will exchange cards with a partner and be asked to diagram, with the cards, the specific life cycle you have been assigned. You will have to demonstrate the life cycle of sun-like stars, huge stars, or giant stars. Grading: 10 colored pictures………………………………………………..20pts Having all pictures labeled.………………………………………10pts 3-5 pieces of information per card………………………………..30pts Correctly arranging cards in the life cycle……………………….15pts For Your Information: http://www.telescope.org/pparc/res8.html www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/lifecycle/ http://webs.wichita.edu/lapo/lss.html http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101stars.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=38 http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/lifecycles/LC_main_p1.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/the-universe/stars-and-star-clusters http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/ http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve/ http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/Labs/ShootTheStars/ http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/Fusion_in_stars/star_life.html http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/life/sample/stars/