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Transcript
The Sky Above Audrey Hylton Clouds • High-Level Clouds Cloud types include: cirrus and cirrostratus. • Mid-Level Clouds Cloud types include: altocumulus, altostratus. • Low-Level Clouds Cloud types include: nimbostratus and stratocumulus. • Clouds with Vertical Development Cloud types include: fair weather cumulus and cumulonimbus. • Other Cloud Types Cloud types include: contrails, billow clouds, mammatus, orographic and pileus clouds. Weather There are many, many types of weather: acid rain, aftershock, air pollution, arctic wind, atomic dust, avalanche, ball lightning, balmy, beastly, bitter, brisk, black ice, blizzard, blue skies, bluster, bolt of lightning, breeze, brisk, calm, chill, wind, clear sky, cloud burst, cloudless, clouds, cold front, cold spell, cold wave, comet, continuous drizzle, continuous rain, continuous snow, cool, cycloned, down pour, draft, drizzled, dry dust devil dust, storm, earthquake, eclipse, electrical storm, erosion, eruption, eye of hurricane, fair, fall, falling star, flash flood, fog, freeze, gust, hail, shower, haze, heat wave, driving snow, thunderstorm, hot spell, howling wind, humid, hurricane, ice storm, Indian summer, lightning, shower, sleet, driving whiteout, wind, windstorm, winter. The Atmosphere • The earth's atmosphere is a very thin layer wrapped around • • • a very large planet. Two gases make up the bulk of the earth's atmosphere: nitrogen, which comprises 78% of the atmosphere, and oxygen, which accounts for 21%. Various trace gases make up the remainder. Based on temperature, the atmosphere is divided into four layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Energy is transferred between the earth's surface and the atmosphere via conduction, convection, and radiation. The Moon The Moon, of course, has been known since prehistoric times. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. As the Moon orbits around the Earth once per month, the angle between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun changes; we see this as the cycle of the Moon's phases. The Sun The Sun is the most prominent feature in our solar system. It is the largest object and contains approximately 98% of the total solar system mass. One hundred and nine Earths would be required to fit across the Sun's disk, and its interior could hold over 1.3 million Earths. The Sun's outer visible layer is called the photosphere and has a temperature of 6,000°C (11,000°F). Comets Comets are sometimes called dirty snowballs or "icy mud balls". They are a mixture of ices (both water and frozen gases) and dust that for some reason didn't get incorporated into planets when the solar system was formed. This makes them very interesting as samples of the early history of the solar system. Planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Stars A star (such as the Sun) is a ball of gas which has, at its heart, a nuclear fusion reactor. http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/ http://www.maa.mhn.de/StarDate/starindex1.html