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COSMOS 2005 Cluster 7 Presents: by Amanda Loo & Catherine Russell Outline • • • • • • What is a globular cluster? How do stars evolve? Observing Filters, tri-color image Age of and Distance to M13 Age of the Universe What is a globular cluster? A globular cluster is a… • • • • • very dense extremely old super bright gravitationally bound populated (millions of stars) collection of stars found in the halo of our galaxy. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams Bright SUN Dim Hot Cold Asymptotic Giant Branch Helium Flash Red Giant Branch Horizontal Branch Evolution of a 1 Solar Mass Star Observing • M13 and M5 • Nickel 40 Inch Reflector Telescope at Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton • Remote observing through video conference with Ellie Gates • Digital detector called a charge coupled device (CCD) • CCDs can detect photons but not color so we used filters to detect photons of different wavelengths. Color Magnitude Diagrams Bright •Specialized H-R Diagram •Converts luminosity to apparent magnitude (how bright it looks) •Converts temperature to color (like heating a stove) Helium Flash Luminosity Magnitude Bright Red Giant Branch Horizontal Branch Turnoff from Main Sequence Dim Hot Cold Temperature Dim Bluer Color Redder Isochrones • Used to find age and distance • Difficult to use • Horizontal Branch not modeled Conclusions • By fitting isochrones, we determined M13 to be 19 billion years old! – Literature says 14 billion- the same age as the universe. • We also determined M13 to be between 410 thousand light years away. – Literature says about 24,000 light years. Thanks to: • Kirsten Howley • Andrea Michels • Becca, Molly, Jared • open clusters group • Ellie Gates • Hilary & Greg O’Bryan • • • • • • • supplying teenagers with liquid nitrogen Jason Porter John Martin Kathy Cooksey Laura Chomiuk Malika Mountawakkil-Bell Monica Piñon • for powerpoint tips • Nick Konidaris & Jay Strader • balloon blower uppers & computer donor • CfAO • COSMOS