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BILINGUAL PROJECT ST 1 D 2014-2015 UNIT A 1. Why do we study Geography? 2. What's Geography? 3. Our Planet: the Earth 4. The Solar System 5. Earth in motion 6. Why the seasons? 7. Orientation 8. Maps 9. Tables, Charts, Diagrams 1. WHY? Geo-litteracy.pdf by Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2. WHAT? ϒεωϒραΦία = geo “earth” + graphy “description” PHYSICAL HUMAN 2. WHAT Physical Geography Earth's surface: mountains, planes, deserts Water: rivers, lakes, oceans. Climate: weather conditions, temperature, rainfall Life: animals, plants Astronomy 2. WHAT? Human Geography Population: numbers and distribuition Settlement: cities, metropols, villages Politics: states, provinces, etc Languages and Cultures Economy: agriculture, industry, etc Communication: means of transport, telecommunication Now Excercise! Book, page 4 Ph: physical; H: human 3. THE EARTH It's a SPHERE It's a planet of the SOLAR SYSTEM 3. THE EARTH •A GLOBE lightly flattened at the Poles •An imaginary line runs in the middle: the Equator. 3. THE EARTH Equator divides Earth in 2 hemispheres: Northern hemisphere Southern hemisphere 3. THE EARTH NUMBERS AND FIGURES Total Surface= 510 million Km2 Water= 71%, Land= 29% Equator= 40.000 Km Excercises BooK, Page 5, n.1 4. SOLAR SYSTEM 4. SOLAR SYSTEM Planets, Satellites, Asteroids run around the SUN. SUN= a star, produces light and heat 4. SOLAR SYSTEM The Solar System is in MILKY WAY GALAXY 4. SOLAR SYSTEM Exercise page 5, on your notebook: First Name and Surname_______________________________________ Address____________________________ City_____________________ Region____________________________ Country__________________ Hemisphere________________________ Continent_________________ Planet___________________________ System____________________ Galaxy_________________________________ 5. The Earth in Motion ROTATION REVOLUTION Seasons around its axis Day and Night around the Sun Year and 5. The Earth in Motion Eppur si muove! (Galileo Galilei) The Earth moves: see the video 5. The Earth in Motion Exercise page 6: Day and Night 6. Why the seasons? Winter Spring Summer Autumn 6. Why the seasons? 6. Why the seasons 6. Why the seasons? EQUINOX same duration of day and night: Spring Equinox, 21st March, Autumn Equinox, 23rd September SOLSTICE Summer Solstice, 21st June: longest day Winter Solstice 22nd December: longest night 6. Why the seasons? Exercise page 6: winter and summer Exercise page 7: Solstice and Equinox 7. ORIENTATION How can we find direction? 7. ORIENTATION 1. During the DAY you can look at the SUN path 7. ORIENTATION East: sunrise South: at 12:00, midday, top. West: sunset 7. ORIENTATION 2. In the NIGHT, look at STARS In the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE: The North Star Or Pole Star 7. ORIENTATION So you have found: THE CARDINAL POINTS NORTH, EAST, WEST, SOUTH 7. ORIENTATION 3. Use a COMPASS: has a magnetised needle which always points towards the Earth's magnetic North Pole. 7. ORIENTATION Longitude and Latitude: See file PDF 8. Maps First see the video: Maps 8. Maps In geography, MAPS are one of the most important tools. MAPS = pictures of the Earth's surface. 8. Maps The Earth is too big to stay in a MAP SCALE = each map has a "scale" which indicates the relationship between a certain distance on the map and the distance on the ground. Ratio or Representative Fraction (RF) = indicates how many units on the earth's surface is equal to one unit on the map. Exemple: 1:100,000 - one centimeter on the map equals 100,000 centimeters (1 kilometer) A graphic scale = it is a line marked with distance on the ground which the map user can use along with a ruler to determine scale on the map. 8. Maps TYPES OF MAPS Physical Map: shows the physical landscape features of a place. Political Map: does not show any topographic features. It instead focuses solely on the state and national boundaries of a place. Thematic Map: focuses on a particular theme or special topic. An example of a thematic map would be one showing the population change of Canada in specific locations from 1996 to 2001. 8. Maps TYPES OF MAPS Physical Map Political Map Thematic Map 9. Table, Charts, Diagrams To organize DATA You can use: North Population 1. TABLES: Data are distributed in columns and rows Centre South 9. Table, Charts, Diagrams 12 2. Graphs 2.1 Line graph: used to indicate a trend in a period of time 10 8 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 6 4 2 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 9. Table, Charts, Diagrams 12 2.2 Bar Chart: compares data. 10 8 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 6 4 2 0 Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 9. Table, Charts, Diagrams 2.3 Pie Chart: illustrates how given entity is divided up Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4 THE END OF “THE ABC OF GEOGRAPHY” PRESENTATION