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How many atoms make up the universe? Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity - and I'm not sure about the former. - Albert Einstein A Typical Star • mass about 2x1033 Grams (for example, sun: 1.9891 ×1030 kg) • 2x1033 x 6 x1023 ~ 1.2x1057 atoms of hydrogen per star Typical Galaxy • A typical galaxy has about 400 billion(4x1011)stars. • each galaxy has 1.2x1057 x 4x1011 = 5x1068 hydrogen atoms in a galaxy in the Universe • There are possibly 80 billion galaxies in the Universe, • the Universe has about 5x1068 x 8x1010 = 4x1079 hydrogen atoms in the Universe The Universe has • the Universe has about 5x1068 x 8x1010 = 4x1079 hydrogen atoms in the Universe But this is definately a lower limit calculation, and ignores many possible atom sources Inflation theory says • A currently popular Inflation Theory predicts that the mass density of the Universe should be close to the so-called critical density that separates an open universe that always grows from a closed universe that ultimately collapses again. • This critical mass density is currently equal to 9.9x10-27 kg/m3. (5.9 Hydrogen /m3) • 4.6% Atoms. More than 95% of the energy density in the universe is in a form that has never been directly detected in the laboratory! (0.27 Hydrogen /m3) • 8×1079 hydrogen atoms. (0.27 Hydrogen /m3 x3×1080 m3) References • Hypertext, Mass of the Universe, http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/KristineMcPherson.shtml • Wahlin, Lars. The Harmonic Universe [pdf]. The Deadbeat Universe. Boulder, Colorado: Colutron Research, 1997: 27. • Hopkins, Jeanne. "Universe." Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1980: 183. • Lang and Gingerich. A Source Book in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Massachusetts: Harvard university, 1979: 724. • Immerman, Neil. Sacramento Peak: The Universe. University of Massachusetts Amherst. 21 May 2001. • Ryden, Barbara. Lecture 40: Curvature of the Universe. 6 March 2003. • NASA WMAP, WMAP- Content of the Universe.
