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By: Thomas Chilton • There was no actual explosion • Started at a subatomic size • Suddenly expanded to form the universe, which is still expanding 1. Nebula 2. Protostar 3. Main Sequence (red or brown dwarf) 4.White Dwarf Main Sequence (Red Dwarf) • Longest stage • Nuclear fusion stabilizes star • Still very small White Dwarf • After nuclear fusion stops, condenses to white dwarf • Even smaller than before • No internal heat produced • Shining from still being hot Medium Star Life Cycle • • • • • Nebula Protostar Main Sequence (Like our Sun) Red Giant White Dwarf Main Sequence • Our sun is a medium star in main sequence • Stabilized from nuclear fusion • Longest stage • Emits light and heat • Color has a wide range Red Giant • Nuclear fusion starts to stop • Swells up to .3 – 8 times the size of our Sun • Cooler than main sequence White Dwarf • Gravity crushes it down • Only shines from still being hot • No internal heat produced • Appears white Large Star Life Cycle • Nebula • Protostar • Main Sequence (large star) • Red supergiant • Supernova • Black hole or neutron star Main Sequence (Large Star) • Greater than 15 solar masses (our sun is 1) • Appears blue • Longest stage, but burns up faster than medium or small stars Several Layers of Nuclear Fusion: • Hydrogen fusion • Helium fusion • Carbon fusion • Silicon fusion • Magnesium fusion • Neon fusion • Oxygen fusion Red Supergiant • • • • • Nuclear fusion slows down Swells up to an even larger size Starts to cool down Appears red Extremely large; 200-800 times the size of our sun Supernova • Large star becomes unstable and explodes • Short flash and burst of radiation • Can emit as much energy as the sun does in its life span • Formed from sudden reignition of degenerate star or collapse of massive star core Black Hole • After supernova, it can collapse upon itself to form black hole • Gravity so strong light can’t even escape • Theoretical entrance to a wormhole • Can’t be directly observed due to light being sucked in • Composed almost entirely of neutrons • Very hot • Collapse prevented by quantum degeneracy pressure (I have no clue what that is) • 60,000 times smaller than the sun, but has a mass between 1.4 to 3 solar masses Neutron Star The End
