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Binary Stars Sin’Kira Khan What is a binary star? a star system made up of usually two stars that orbit around one center of mass, where the mass is most concentrated A binary star is not to be confused with two stars that appear close together to the naked eye from Earth, but in reality are very far apart QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. continued Planet's revolve around stars because of gravity gravity is not restricted to between large and small bodies, stars can revolve around stars as well Binary stars obey Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Kepler’s Law 1st law (law of elliptic orbits): Each star or planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the center of mass at one focus Several Categories eclipsing binaries visual binaries spectroscopic binaries astrometric binaries Eclipsing binaries Eclipsing binary stars are those whose orbits form a horizontal line from the point of observation what the viewer sees is a double eclipse along a single plane QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Algol The most famous eclipsing binary star is visible to the naked eye and has a rich mythology associated with it demonstration QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Visual binaries A visual binary system is a system in which two separate stars are visible through a telescope that has an appropriate resolving power These can be difficult to detect if one of the stars’ brightness is much greater in effect blotting out the second star QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. video Alpha Centauri A & B They orbit each other with a period of 80 years Spectroscopic binaries the stars are very close and orbiting very quickly These systems are determined by the presence of spectral lines: lines of color that are anomalies in an otherwise continuous spectrum and are one of the only ways of determining whether a second star is present It is possible for a binary star system to be both a visual and a spectroscopic binary if the stars are far enough apart and the telescope being used is of a high enough resolution Mizar or ζ Ursae Majoris in 1889 Mizar was already known as a visual binary but spectroscopic analysis of the brighter of the two stars, Mizar A, showed that it was in fact a spectroscopic binary Astrometric binaries systems in which only one star can be observed, and the other’s presence is inferred by the noticeable wobble of the first star This wobble happens as a result of the smaller star’s slight gravitational influence on the larger star QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Sirius A & B n 1844 Friedrich Bessell pointed out that it had a wobble in its proper motion Finding of mass Astrophysicists find binary systems to be quite useful in determining the mass of the individual stars involved When two objects orbit one another, their mass can be calculated very precisely by using Newton’s calculations for gravity The data collected from binary stars allows astrophysicists to extrapolate the relative mass of similar single stars video Work Cited "What Is a Binary Star?" Universe Today. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://www.universetoday.com/24203/what-is-a-binary-star/>. "Binary Star." The Worlds of David Darling. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/B/binarystar.html >. Binary Stars." Mac OS X Server. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast222/lectures/lec05.html>. "Binary Stars." Cornell Astronomy. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/bins tar.htm>.