Download School Powerpoint Presentation on Planet X 2011

Planet X
Anomalies in the
Outer Solar System
Author Andy Lloyd
• Old Cryptian 1979-86
• BSc (Hons) (1st Class) University of Lancaster, post-graduate
studies at University of California at San Diego.
• Author of ‘Dark Star: The Planet X Evidence’ (2005), ‘Ezekiel
One’ (2009), ‘The Followers of Horus’ (2010)
• Webmaster of www.darkstar1.co.uk
• Lives in Longlevens with wife and 2 sons
Planet X: What do we Know?
“There are known knowns; there are things we know we know.
We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we
know there are some things we do not know.
But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don't
know we don't know.”
Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, 2002
A Familiar Scale?
The True Scale
• An astronomical unit is the average distance from the
Earth to the Sun (~ 150,000,000 km or 93,000,000 miles)
• 1 light year (ly) = 63240 astronomical units
• The nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.2 light years
away.
• The Sun’s domain extends out to ~1 ly, possibly more
Distances at a Glance
• Neptune (30.0AU), Pluto (30-40AU)
• Kuiper Belt (30 – 55AU)
• Heliopause (~80AU)
• Inner Oort Cloud (2000 – 20,000AU)
• Outer Oort Cloud (20,000AU – 50,000+AU)
• Proxima cantauri (265,000AU)
• Galactic Centre (27,000 light years)
Kuiper Belt Anomalies
• The Kuiper Belt extends from Neptune (30 AU) to ~ 55 AU
from the Sun, and much bigger than the asteroid belt.
• The Kuiper Cliff/Gap at 55AU
• Missing Kuiper Belt Object populations
• Highly anomalous orbital properties of certain Kuiper Belt
Objects
Protoplanetary Disk
Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs)
The Heliopause
Pioneer and Voyager
• On-going anomalous trajectories of the Pioneer spacecraft
• NASA still puzzled after many years
• Voyager spacecraft – heliosheath is distorted
• IBEX ‘footprint’ – heliosheath locally affected by extra
magnetic field
• “…some fundamental physics is missing from our
understanding."
The Oort Cloud
Oort Cloud Anomaly
• The Oort cloud is thought to occupy a vast space from
~2,000AU (~0.03 ly) to ~ 50,000 AU (0.79 ly) from the Sun.
Some estimates place the outer edge at between 100,000 and
200,000 AU (1.58 and 3.16 ly)
• Long-period comets come from the Oort Cloud
• Long-period comets do not show an even distribution
• Why?
Other Anomalies
• Missing angular momentum in the solar system
• Computer models call for 5 gas giants
• IRAS anomalies
• Uranus : turned over on its side, and too cold. Why?
“Here be Dragons”
• Planet X, a terrestrial-sized planet beyond the Kuiper Belt
• ‘Dark Star’ i.e. a sub-brown dwarf among the comets
• “Missing” brown dwarf star, presumably ejected by Jupiter
• Action of passing star
• Migrating gas giant planet
• Action of Giant Molecular Cloud/”Fluff”
Brown Dwarfs
Will WISE find a new planet?
Planet X
Further Reading
Thank you for listening!
Website:
www.darkstar1.co.uk
or Google Andy Lloyd
lots of interviews on YouTube