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Our Solar System • • • • The SunSun is the – center our solar The ourofvery ownsystem star The word “solar” means “of the sun” Our sun is a medium-sized star Our sun is medium-hot, and yellow The Inner Planets Spinning Planets • Period of Rotation: amount of time that an object takes to rotate once. (1 Day) • Period of Revolution: time it takes an object to revolve around the sun once. (1 year) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97Ob0x R0Ut8&feature=related Mercury • On Mercury you weigh only 38% of what you weigh on Earth. • Fastest orbiting planet • Planet nearest to the sun • One side of the planet can be 800 degrees Fahrenheit when the other can be -280 degree Fahrenheit at the same time. • Orbit Period 88 days • Rotation Period 59 days Venus • On Venus you weigh only 91% of what you weigh on Earth. • Venus has 90 times the pressure of Earth and it’s the hottest planet. • Venus has volcanoes like Earth • Rotates in the opposite direction of Earth. • One time there were oceans before they boiled away. • Orbit Period 224 days • Rotation Period 242 days Earth • 23 hours and 56 min=1 Earth day (rotation) • 365 days =1 Earth year (revolution) • Earth is warm enough to keep most of its water from freezing and cold enough to keep it’s water from boiling • Temperature is between –13 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius Mars • Air Pressure on Mars is the same as 30 km above the Earth’s surface • Mars is in the form of ice. • Evidence that water was there at one time • Volcanic history like Earth. • It has the tallest mount of the planets (Olympus Mons) 3x’s size of Mt. Everest. • Orbital Period 687 days • Rotation Period 24. 6 hours Outer Planets Jupiter • Largest planet in the Solar System • Has a Great Red Spot from a storm system that is more than 400 years old • Pressure is so great it would crush a spaceship. • Orbit Period 12 years • 9 hours and 54 min=1 Jupiter day (shortest day) Saturn • 2nd Largest planet in the Solar System • 95 times more massive than earth. • Saturn has the largest rings of any planet, the rings are made of icy particles. • Most moons of any planets ( 47 known) • Orbit Period 12 years • Rotation Period 10 hours Uranus • • • • Discovered in 1781 Uranus appears blue-green in color It’s axis of rotation is tilted 90 degrees Moons are named after Shakespearean plays and formed from other broken moons. • Orbit Period 84 years • Rotation Period 17 hours Neptune • Discovered in 1846 • The atmosphere appears blue and is marked by large dark blue storms • Neptune has visual belts of clouds • It has a system of 5 rings and at least 13 moons • Orbit Period 165 years • Rotation Period 16 hours Pluto • • • • Discovered 1930 Mystery Planet Farthest from the sun Recently changed from a being considered a planet to a dwarf planet. • Orbit Period 248 years • Rotation Period 6.4 days st 21 Century Solar System If you traveled on a shuttle that’s going 28,000 mph it would take… Mercury 52d • Venus 100d • Mars 210d • Jupiter 1.9yr • • • • • Saturn 3.6yr Uranus 7.3yr Neptune 11.4yr Pluto 15.1yr Dwarf Planets • A dwarf planet is a celestial body massive enough to be spherical, in orbit around the Sun, which are not satellites. The crucial factor dividing a planet from a dwarf planet is that a planet must have succeeded in clearing the area of its orbit from debris and other objects, whereas a dwarf planet has not. Dwarf Planets Kuiper Belt • Class of icy bodies orbiting beyond Neptune. – Found only in the outer Solar System (>30AU) – Densities of 1.2 to 2 g/cc (mostly ices) • Examples: – – – – Pluto & Eris (icy dwarf planets) Kuiper Belt Objects (30-50AU) Charon, Pluto’s large moon Sedna & Quaor: distant large icy bodies Kuiper Belt The Leftovers (small bodies) • Asteroids: – Made of rock & metal (density 2-3 g/cc) – Sizes: Few 100km to large boulders – Most are found in the Main Belt (2.1-3.2 AU) • Meteoroids: – Bits of rock and metal – Sizes: grains of sand to boulders • Comets: – Composite rock & ice “dirty snowballs” – Long tails of gas & dust are swept off them when they pass near the Sun. Meteoroid, Meteorite and Meteor • A meteoroid is a small rock or particle of debris in our solar system. They range in size from dust to around 10 metres in diameter (larger objects are usually referred to as asteroids). • A meteoroid that burns up as it passes through the Earth’s atmosphere is known as a meteor. If you’ve ever looked up at the sky at night and seen a streak of light or ‘shooting star’ what you are actually seeing is a meteor. • A meteoroid that survives falling through the Earth’s atmosphere and colliding with the Earth’s surface is known as a meteorite.