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The Renaissance What is the Renaissance? Art? Literature? Philosophy? Revival of society? Making the World a better place after the Black Death? The Awakening Renaissance “Rebirth” Began in Florence, Italy Movement in which people became interested in the art, social, scientific, and political ideas of ancient Greece and Rome People wanted more luxurious things Why Italy? Italy had been the center of Rome Empire Still a lot of Greek and Roman art, ruins, culture, and interest there. Italian cities had become very wealthy. Population of Italy becoming more urban Could afford to pay painters, sculptors, architects, and other artists to produce new works. Italian Wealth Italy was never fully united under one kingdom This led to many wealthy city-states Trade Great geography Peninsula Coastlines and Ports Location in Mediterranean Sea Spain and France to the west Byzantines and Ottoman Empire to the East North Africa and Arabs to the South Venice Wealthiest city-state Home of Marco Polo Wealth came from trade, building canals and water ways, and shipbuilding. Government Urban Nobles- Wealthy men of Italian city-states Got wealthy from land and trade Blend of wealth merchants and noble families Republic-government controlled by the people Often ruled by powerful man Diplomacy Read pages 616 and 617 The Value of City-States Humanism New way to understand world Use reason more than religion Based on values of ancient Greeks and Romans Balance between faith and reason Individual and human society important Be educated and try to achieve new discoveries and great inventions Humanism Studied many different topics such as: Plants Animals Human anatomy Medicine Astronomy-Stars and Planets Mathematics Ancient philosophy Archeology Study the past Petrarch-Poet and scholar Encouraged people to study past philosophy and literature Literature Wrote in Latin and the vernacular Dante Alighieri-The Divine Comedy-Tale of a man and his epic journey from hell to heaven. Chaucer-The Canterbury Tales Art in the Renaissance Donatello Relief sculpture Raphael Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Pieta David Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Last Supper 1st to draw human body accurately Scientist Donatello http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatello St. John the Baptist http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatello Raphael http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/ Maddalena http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/ Madonna dell Granduca c. 1505 (110 kB); Oil on wood, 84 x 55 cm (33 x 21 1/2 in); Palazzo Pitti, Florence http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/ Michelangelo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Michelango_Portrait_by_Volterra.jpg Sistine Chapel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo Pieta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo David jr053.k12.sd.us Leonardo da Vinci http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci Mona Lisa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci Last Supper http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci Read Page 621-623 Revolution in Science Use reason and scientific method Copernicus Earth was not the center of the universe Galileo Agreed with Copernicus • Against Catholic Church and put under house arrest Improved the telescope and pointed it to the sky Copernicus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus Galileo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei Renaissance Inventions Moveable type printing press 1440s Johannes Guttenberg Books accessible to more people so more learned to read Watch Early 1500s Microscope Late 1500s-1600s Air thermometer 1592 Renaissance Spreads Renaissance reached England in the late 1500s Theater became more and more popular All social classes could attend William Shakespeare Greatest English writer of the era Emphasized the vernacular Wrote of the human emotions, strengths, weakness, and resistance to or acceptance in society Wrote tragedies, comedies, and historical plays Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, Henry V, Richard III Globe Theater A Midsummer Night’s Dream Read story on page 627 The Need for Church Reform Church became wealthy but corrupt during the Middle Ages Indulgences- pardons people of their sin • Church began selling them Martin Luther Challenged that people could interpret the Bible themselves and he was excommunicated Those who agreed with him became Lutherans Reformation-Other Christians broke off of the Catholic Church Protestants Counter Reformation Council of Trent (1545) Ban on selling indulgences Lesson 1 Review Questions What does Renaissance mean? How did Europeans’ thinking change during the Renaissance? How did Petrarch influence people during the Renaissance in Europe? Which was the first country to experience the cultural and economic rebirth in Europe? What did Copernicus do? What did Galileo do? Did Religion become more unified during this time? What were the effects of the printing press? What practice led to the Reformation? Who and what led to the emergence of Lutheranism? What was the Counter Reformation? What other Christian Religions emerged at this time?