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SOCIALISM
“The Left”
• Socialism is a social and economic system
characterised by social ownership of the means of
production and co-operative management of the
economy, as well as a political theory and movement
that aims at the establishment of such a system. "Social
ownership" may refer
to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state
ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any
combination of these.
• There are many varieties of socialism and there is no
single definition encapsulating all of them.They differ in
the type of social ownership they advocate, the degree
to which they rely on markets or planning, how
management is to be organised within productive
institutions, and the role of the state in constructing
socialism. It varied from espousing revolution
(Communism) to winning democratic election (Social
Democrats like The NDP, “Old” Labour Party in UK,
France, Sweden and Norway)
• A socialist economy is based on the principle
of production for use, to directly satisfy economic
demand and human needs, and objects are valued by
their use-value, as opposed to the principle of production
for profit and accumulation of capital. For distributing
output, two alternative principles have been proposed: to
each according to his contribution and from each
according to his ability, to each according to his need
(Marx) The advisability, feasibility and exact way of
allocating and valuing resources are the subjects of
debate.
• The socialist political movement includes a diverse array of political
philosophies. Core dichotomies
include reformism versus revolutionary socialism. State socialism
calls for the nationalisation of the means of production as a strategy
for implementing socialism, while libertarian socialism calls
for decentralised means of direct democracy such as libertarian
municipalism, citizens' assemblies,trade unions, and workers'
councils (SOVIETS”), coming from a general antiauthoritarian stance.[
• Democratic socialism highlights the central role of democratic
processes and political systems and is usually contrasted with nondemocratic political movements that advocate socialism (ussr
Communism) Some socialists like the NDP have adopted the
causes of other social movements, such
as environmentalism, feminism and liberalism (etc Pro Choice, Gay
Rights).
Utopian Socialism
• Utopian socialism is a term used to define the first
currents of modern socialist thought as exemplified by
the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier,
andRobert Owen, which inspired Karl Marx and other
early socialists. However, visions of imaginary ideal
societies, which competed with revolutionary socialdemocratic movements, were viewed as not being
grounded in the material conditions of society and
as reactionary. Although it is technically possible for any
set of ideas or any person living at any time in history to
be a utopian socialist, the term is most often applied to
those socialists who lived in the first quarter of the 19th
century who were ascribed the label "utopian" by later
socialists as a negative term, in order to imply naivete
and dismiss their ideas as fanciful or unrealistic.
Utopian socialism
• The utopian socialist thinkers did not use the term utopian to refer to
their ideas. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels referred to all socialist
ideas that were simply a vision and distant goal for society as
utopian.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwUGSYDKUxU
Robert Owen-New Lanark
Model Factory. VERY EARLY
SOCIALIST MODEL
• New Lanark World Heritage Site, is a beautifully restored 18th
century cotton mill village in Southern Scotland, close to the Falls of
Clyde and only around an hour's drive from Edinburgh and Glasgow.
• The village became famous as a model industrial community
under the enlightened management of Robert Owen from 18001825. Owen transformed life in New Lanark with ideas and
opportunities which were at least a hundred years ahead of their
time. Child labour and corporal punishment were abolished,
and villagers were provided with decent homes, schools and
evening classes, free health care, and affordable food. This was
a stark contrast to the suffering of the early Industrial Era.
•
New Lanark World Heritage Site - Robert Owen
• A key difference between "utopian socialists"
and other socialists (including most anarchists)
is that utopian socialists generally don't feel
class struggle or political revolutions are
necessary to implement their ideas; that people
of all classes might voluntarily adopt their plan
for society if it were presented convincingly.
They often feel their form of cooperative
socialism can be established among like-minded
people within the existing society and establish
small enterprises designed to demonstrate their
plan for society.
• Robert Owen - pioneer, visionary, New
Lanark
• Modern socialism originated from an 18thcentury intellectual and working-class political
movement that criticised the effects of
industrialisation and private property on society.
The revival of republicanism in the American
Revolution of 1776 and the egalitarian values
introduced by the French Revolution of 1789
gave rise to socialism as a distinct political
movement.
• In the early 19th century, "socialism" referred to
any concern for the social problems of capitalism
regardless of the solutions to those problems.
However, by the late 19th century, "socialism"
had come to signify opposition to capitalism and
advocacy for an alternative postcapitalist system based on some form of social
ownership.
The 1800s-Marxism/Communism’s
Dawn
• During this time, German philosopher Karl Marx and his
collaborator Friedrich Engels published works criticising
the utopian aspects of contemporary socialist trends, and
applied a materialist understanding of socialism as a phase of
development which will come about through social
revolution instigated by escalating and conflicting class relationships
within capitalism. Alongside this appeared other tendencies such
as anarchism, revolutionary syndicalism, socialdemocracy, Marxism–Leninism and democratic socialism as well as
the confluence of socialism with anti-imperialist and antiracist struggles around the world.
• A criticism of the exploitation of the working class by rich
industrialists.
• We will look more closely at MARXISM when we study
AUTHORITARIANISM
• marxismSOCIALISM2015.ppt
• authoritarianism.ppt
The Communist Manifesto- Karl
Marx and Freidrich Engels
• Bourgeoisie versus the Proletariat. Marx believed that
the Bourgeoisie (upper/middle class) took advantage of
the Proletariat (the working class) in order for individual
gain.
• There should be a complete abolishment of private
property and it serves only to alienate man from each
other.
• The abolishment of religion serves mankind as it only
serves as a force of division instead of binding the
working class together. “Opiate of the masses?”
Marx’s Personal Views
• “Workers of the World Unite, you have nothing to lose
but your chains!”
• Although Marx was raised in a religious family, he
thought that religion served only to divide man which
was detrimental to the formation of a cohesive society.
• “Religion is the Opiate of the masses.”
History and Class Struggle
Stages of History:
• 1. Primitive communism – egalitarian hunting and
gathering / tribal organizations TRADITIONAL
2. Slave society – largely agricultural production done by
slaves for slave owners
3. Feudalism – largely agricultural production done by
serfs, indentured servants, slaves, peasants for large
landowners
• - within feudalism, trade expands leading to
merchants (bourgeoisie) / increased use of money
History and Class Struggle
(Historical Materialism)
• Capitalism - Economic system in which most of the means of
production are privately owned, and production is guided and
income distributed largely through the operation of markets.
- Based open competition, profit motive.
- Encourages private investment and business,
compared to a government-controlled economy.
- Investors in these private companies (i.e.
shareholders) also own the firms and are known as
capitalists.
- The first Industrial Revolution took place under capitalism.
Marx lived from 1818-1883.
History and Class Struggle
(Historical Materialism)
• 4. Capitalism, the NOUVEAU RICHE
Middle Class capitalists BOURGEOISIE
own the means of production, the
proletariat WORKING CLASS own only
their capacity to work.
• Landlords rule the land, and the peasants
are less significant than workers and are
trapped in rural life.
History and Class Struggle:
Class Consciousness
• Prior to the overthrow of capitalism the
proletariat must develop its own class
consciousness. Other classes have their
own forms of class consciousness.
• Class hatred is good. Class collaboration
is bad.
DIALETICAL MATERIALISM
• HSITORY IS A SERIES OF OPPOSING
FORCES FIGHTING EACH OTHER WITH
A NEW REALITY RESULTING…
• THESIS VS ANTITHESIS LEADS TO
SYNTHESIS
• BOURGEOISIE VS PRLOLETARIAT
LEADING TO DICTATORSHIP OF THE
PROLETARIAT
• Socialism became the most influential worldwide
movement and political-economic world view of
the 20th century. Today, socialist parties and
ideas remain a political force with varying
degrees of power and influence in all continents,
leading national governments in many countries
like France, Greece, Norway and Sweden (and
Obama! Lol)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_socialist_stat
es
• http://blog.peerform.com/top-ten-most-socialistcountries-in-the-world/
•
The history of socialism has its origins in the French Revolution of
1789 and the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, although
it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist
Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 just before
the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed
'scientific socialism'. In the last third of the 19th century in Europe social
democratic parties arose in Europe drawing mainly from Marxism.
The Australian Labor Party was the world's first elected socialist party when
the party won the 1899 Queensland state election.
•
In the first half of the twentieth century, the Soviet Union and the Communist
parties of the Third International around the world mainly came to represent
socialism in terms of the Soviet model of economic development, the
creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the
means of production, although other trends condemned what they saw as
the lack of democracy. In the UK Herbert Morrison said "Socialism is what
the Labour government does", whereas Aneurin Bevan argued that
socialism requires that the "main streams of economic activity are brought
under public direction", with an economic plan and workers'
democracy. Some argued that capitalism had been abolished. Socialist
governments established the 'mixed economy' with
partial nationalisations and social welfare.
• Social democracy is a political
ideology that officially has as its goal the
establishment of democratic
socialism through reformist and gradualist
methods. Alternatively, social democracy
is defined as a policy regime involving a
universal welfare state and collective
bargaining schemes within the framework
of a capitalist economy. It is often used in
this manner to refer to the social models
and economic policies prominent in
Western and Northern Europe during the
later half of the 20th century in reaction to
the Great Depression.
MODERN SOCIALISM DOES NOT
SEEK REVOLUTION
•
Following the split between reformists and revolutionary socialists in
the Second International, social democrats have advocated for a peaceful
and evolutionary transition of the economy
to socialism through progressive social reform of capitalism. Social
democracy asserts that the only acceptable constitutional form of
government is representative democracy under the rule of law. It supports
a mixed economy that opposes the excesses of capitalism such
as inequality, poverty, and oppression of various groups, while rejecting both
a totally free market or a fully planned economy.
•
Common social democratic policies include advocacy of universal social
rights to attain universally accessible public services such
as education, health care, workers' compensation, and other services,
including child care and care for the elderly. Social democracy is connected
with the trade union labour movement and supports collective bargaining
rights for workers. Most social democratic parties are affiliated with
the Socialist International Organization
•
The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. It grew out of
the trade union movement and socialist political parties of the nineteenth century and
has been described as a broad church; the party contains a diversity of ideological
trends from strongly socialist, to more moderately social democratic.
•
Founded in 1900, the Labour Party overtook the Liberal Party in general elections
during the early 1920s and formed minority governments under Ramsay
MacDonald in 1924 and 1929–31. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to
1945, after which it formed a majority government under Clement Attlee. Labour was
also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979,
first under Wilson and thenJames Callaghan.
•
The Labour Party was last in national government
between 1997 and 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, beginning with a
landslide majority of 179, reduced to 167 in 2001 and 66 in 2005. Having won 258
seats in the 2010 general election, the party currently forms the Official Opposition in
the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Labour has a minority government in
the Welsh Assembly, is the main opposition party in the Scottish Parliament and has
20 MEPs in the European Parliament, sitting in the Socialists and Democrats group.
The Labour Party is a full member of the Party of European
Socialists and Progressive Alliance, and continues to hold observer status in
the Socialist International. The current leader of the party is Ed Miliband.
Are some Democrats
AMERICAN SOCIALISTS?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwlXE
v_YSPk&feature=youtu.be
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sander
s
• http://www.sanders.senate.gov/
Democratic socialism in Canada
CCF/NDP
• The NDP evolved from a 1960s merger of the
Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). The CCF
was founded by JS Woodworth on the Prairies in the
1930s and led by Tommy Douglas.
• Grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist
roots into a modern social-democratic party. Although
the CCF was part of the Christian left and the Social
Gospel movement, the modern NDP is secular and
pluralistic. It has broadened to include concerns of the
New Left and advocates issues such as gay rights,
international peace, and environmental stewardship.
• Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
(CCF) Founded in 1932 on the principles
that utilities and important industries
should be run by the government for the
benefit of all. In 1961 the party became
known as the New Democratic Party of
NDP.
• In the 1960s and 1970s under Tommy
Douglas and Ed Broadbent they had much
influence during Pearson and Trudeau
minority governments.
• For the first time ever the NDP became
the official opposition in the House of
Commons in 2011 under the late Jack
Layton due to a huge phenomenon in
Quebec called the Orange Crush.
The Orange Crush!
Orange Crush
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lePL8g
pdQLM
• The NDP has never formed the federal government yet it is the
Official Opposition in the current 41st Canadian Parliament. It
has also at times wielded influence during federal minority
governments, The NDP also enjoyed considerable influence
during the earlier minority Liberal governments of Lester B.
Pearson and Pierre Trudeau, due to being a large enough
group to decide outcomes when the others are split. Provincial
New Democratic Parties, technically sections of the federal
party, have governed in half the provinces and a territory.
• They have governed the provinces of Manitoba and Nova
Scotia, form the Official Opposition in British Columbia and
Saskatchewan, and have sitting members in every provincial
legislature except those of Quebec (where there is no
provincial NDP), New Brunswick (although the New Brunswick
NDP had an elected member until 2006) and Prince Edward
Island. They have previously formed governments in the
provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan and British Columbia, and
in the Yukon Territory. The NDP also formed the official
opposition in Alberta during the 1980s.
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM
in Canada NDP/CCF
• TOMMY DOUGLAS- The Greatest Canada!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdwySCMovHk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YtTZSY7NPo
Jack Layton On The Hour: Full Interview – YouTube
• Baking with Jack Layton – YouTube
• Tommy Douglas remembered – YouTube
• Masters Of Money: 3/3 - Karl Marx (BBC Documentary
Series) – YouTube
• Jack Layton On The Hour: Full Interview –
YouTube
• Baking with Jack Layton – YouTube
• Tommy Douglas remembered – YouTube
• Masters Of Money: 3/3 - Karl Marx (BBC
Documentary Series) – YouTube
Political
Ideology
In Canada
Party Identification 2014
Regional Conservative ID
Atlantic:
2012: 26%
2013: 18%
2014: 25%
BC:
2012: 33%
2013: 25% Prairies:
2014: 20% 2012: 40%
2013: 43%
2014: 48%
Ontario:
2012: 35%
2013: 24%
2014: 25%
Quebec:
2012: 12%
2013: 13%
2014: 16%
Perceived Ability to Deal With Most
Important Issue (Economy)
On a 0-10 scale where 0 is poor and 10 is excellent
Perceived Ability to Deal With Most
Important Issue (Health Care)
On a 0-10 scale where 0 is poor and 10 is excellent
Perceived Ability to Deal With Emerging
Issue (Poverty and Environment)
On a 0-10 scale where 0 is poor and 10 is excellent
Direction of the country in 2014
Current CPC
support : 29%