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AMARILLO BY MORNING: DATA VISUALIZATION IN GEOSTATISTICS William V. Harper, Otterbein College, USA [email protected] Isobel Clark, Geostokos, Scotland Environmental Statistics, Session 6A2 ICOTS8, Ljubljana, Slovenia 11 – 16 July 2010 Amarillo by Morning – a Haunting Country Song Amarillo by morning, up from San Antone. Everything that I’ve got is just what I’ve got on. When that sun is high in that Texas sky I’ll be bucking it to county fair. Amarillo by morning, Amarillo I’ll be there. They took my saddle in Houston, broke my leg in Santa Fe. Lost my wife and a girlfriend somewhere along the way. Well I’ll be looking for eight when they pull that gate, And I’m hoping that judge ain’t blind. Amarillo by morning, Amarillo’s on my mind. Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 2 Amarillo, Wolfcamp Aquifer, and Nuclear Waste Repository In the United States in 1987, the possible nuclear waste sites were reduced to: Salt bed in Texas Basalt formation in Washington state Tuff formation near Las Vegas, Nevada Wolfcamp Aquifer underlies salt site Briny (salty) slow moving water Modeled as 2-D plane using geostatistics Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 3 Geostatistics Geostatistics Spatial statistics used for continuous data Each data value has a location in space Roots in Mining, not Statistics Observations close have similar values Goals of Geostatistics Estimate spatial correlation structure Predict values at un-sampled locations Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 4 Wolfcamp Potentiometric Data: 85 values Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 5 Wolfcamp Initial Assessment Higher values in Southwest, Lower in Northeast Travel path from Deaf Smith county toward Amarillo in lower Potter County If a breach, flow is toward Amarillo Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 6 Kriging, Universal Kriging Universal Kriging (combines trend, kriging) Many possible iterative steps to produce minimum variance linear unbiased estimates Distribution Analysis, Data Transformation Trend, Isotropy/Anisotropy analysis Semi-variogram modeling of spatial variability Cross-Validation to partially validate model Kriged expected value map at un-sampled locations Kriged standard error map Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 7 Will you be my Neighbor? Nearest Neighbor Analysis Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 8 Empirical Semi-variogram, Semi-variogram Cloud Empirical Semi-Variogram ( h) * 1 2Nh x x i 2 j h Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 9 Directional Semi-variograms – get color version from Is Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 10 Directional Shaded Plot Semivariograms Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 11 Directional Semi-variograms on Regression Residuals Amarillo by Morning Amarillo by Morning 12