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Space Time Telescopes Space Time Telescopes SCIENTIST presentation Place/Date/Time http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes The Big Picture: Einstein Ideas The work of Einstein and others predicts a fantastic and unbelievable cosmos: •An expanding universe arising from a Big Bang. •Objects of extreme gravity called black holes. •The fabric of space & time intricately linked, warping and twisting. Revolutionary and innovative NASA spacecraft are exploring the limits of space and time, unlocking the deep secrets of our universe. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Telescopes in Space: Location, Location, Location The Hubble Space Telescope is located just above the distorting effects of the Earth’s atmosphere, making this school bus-sized telescope uniquely capable of observing the universe in exquisite detail. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes They Clearly See the Past… The James Webb Space Telescope will continue Hubble’s legacy with more light collecting capability in a less massive package, resolving the mysteries of our universe from above the confines of Earth! http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Cosmic Time Machines… The further into space we observe, the further back in time we see. Observers become time travelers through the universe. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Once Upon a Time… Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe uses microwave light to study what the universe looked like before the days of stars or galaxies. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Taking the Temperature Here On Earth… A color-coded temperature map of the Earth’s surface: red is hot, blue is cold. Temperatures range between +37° and -63° Celsius, a 100 degree difference. Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe studies the early universe by measuring the energy left over from the hot Big Bang. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Looking Out at the Night Sky The visible night sky shows the Milky Way spanning across the heavens, where stars, gas and dust are seen in our galaxy. The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe viewed our heavens in a different light, microwave light from the earliest of times. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Taking the Temperature of the Infant Universe… A temperature map of the night sky, seen in microwave light Temperatures range from -270.4248° to -270.4252° Celsius. Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe measured the afterglow of the Big Bang to a precision of better than 1/10,000 of a degree! http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Cosmic Fireworks: X-Rays from Space The Chandra X-Ray Observatory observes some of the most energetic objects in our universe, from high above our Earth’s protective atmosphere. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Just Skimming the Surface… High energy x-rays must skip off the shiny mirror surface at shallow angles to be observed, much different than how optical light telescopes work. Collecting x-rays is like skipping stones on a pond! http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes The Crab Nebula: The Aftermath of a Supernova The Crab Nebula is all that remains of a once-bright star. The white box on the left shows the area covered by the image on the right. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Visible Light View of an Interesting Galaxy A visible light image of Centaurus A, an interesting galaxy observed with a wide lane of dust across its center. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes X-rays Reveal the Real Action! A high-energy jet blasts outward from the galaxy’s center, evidence for a powerful black hole with the mass of one billion Suns! http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes The Whole Picture… The Chandra X-Ray Observatory and the future, more capable Constellation-X mission, with four identical X-ray telescopes working as one, will continue to explore the limits of space and time in the hot, turbulent universe. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes First to Burst onto the Scene! The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer observes powerful, energetic and exotic objects in our universe. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Shadow Play… Because gamma rays cannot be focused, Swift uses a unique technique that pinpoints the location of a gamma-ray burst by the shadow cast on an array of detectors. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Black Hole Birth Announcement… See real time detection of gamma-ray bursts at: http://grb.sonoma.edu/ http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Let’s Twist Again (Like We Did Last Orbit) Gravity Probe-B will answer one of the great remaining mysteries of gravity: The twisting of space and time http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Can We Directly Measure Distortions in Space-Time? Yes we can! Spinning gyroscopes in orbit measure how Earth’s mass distorts local space and time. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes The Little Gyroscopes That Could… The Gravity Probe-B spacecraft will precisely measure the tiniest changes of its near perfect gyroscopes in Earth’s distorted space and time. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Ripples through Space and Time… This animation is available for download at: http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2002/0192/ and a Merger”) animations.htmlQuickTime™ (“Black Hole YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. Movie must be saved to the same folder as this Power Point to run. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravity wave observatory will detect gravitational waves that originate from powerful yet invisible objects. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Where Do Gravitational Waves Come From? LISA “dances about” as gravitational waves pass through the surrounding space. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Measure Rippling Space-Time? Incredibly Possible! Three individual craft each separated by 5 million kilometers will measure changes to tiny 4cm cubes to a precision of the width of an atom! http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes New Wave Astronomy… Gravitational wave astronomy is a whole new way to explore the cosmos, venturing beyond the limits of traditional astronomy. http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes NASA goes Beyond Einstein [Insert your own mission here.] (Images available on Slide 28) At the limits of space and time… …we discover new ways to explore! Explore for yourself www.universeforum.org http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Credits Einstein composite: NASA/GSFC, Exploration of the Universe Division HST & HUDF images: NASA and STScI JWST image: Northrop Grumman Space Technology, ESA Science & Technology Group WR124: Y. Grosdidier (U. Montreal), et al, NASA/STScI Swift images: NASA & NASA E/PO, Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet Swift mask images: NASA/GSFC/B.J.Mattson & C. Gunn WMAP images/illustrations: NASA/WMAP Science Team Swift GRB real-time sky map: NASA and NASA E/PO, Sonoma State University Optical image of Milky Way: © Axel Mellinger Abell 2218: NASA, A.Fruchter et al, and STScI Chandra spacecraft & optics images: NASA/CXC/SAO Gravity Probe B images: GP-B, Stanford University Crab Nebula optical: © Walter Nowotny (U. Wien, NOT) Merging black holes : NASA/CXC/A.Hobart & J. Barnes (U of Hawaii)/John Hibbard (NRAO) Crab Nebula x-ray: NASACXC/ASU/J.Hester et al Centaurus A optical: European Southern Observatory Centaurus A x-ray : NASA/SAO/R.Kraft et al Centaurus A composite: NASA/CXC/M. Karovska et al.; NRAO/VLA/J.Van Gorkom/Schminovich et al; NRAO/VLA/J.Condon et al.); Digitized Sky Survey U.K. Schmidt Image/STScI Constellation-X image: NASA/GSFC LISA spacecraft , images & illustrations: JPL/Caltech Gravity wave & Einstein animations: LIGO Laboratory, Caltech & NSF ALBERT EINSTEIN and related rights ™/© of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, used under license. Represented by the Roger Richman Agency, Inc., www.albert-einstein.net http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ URL or program name here http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/ Space Time Telescopes Alternative Watermarks for Slide 26 (Transparency is 75%) http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/