Download Define the following…Answers.

Chapter 12
Gastroenterology
Instructor: Kathleen A. Bishop, MS, PHD.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
How this class will work….
• This is an open book Seminar.
• Be prepared to respond to the questions on each slide.
• Be prepared to share your thoughts with the other class
participants.
• You will see an answer slide so you can check how you
did.
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Resource Materials
• Medical Dictionary
• Word Books
• Pharmaceutical References
• Abbreviation Books
• Style Guides
• Anatomy & Physiology Textbooks
• English Dictionary
• Electronic Reference Materials
• Online Resources
• Other Reference Sources
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Medical Dictionary
• Two popular dictionaries are Dorland’s Illustrated Medical
Dictionary and Stedman’s Medical Dictionary.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Pharmaceutical References
• Popular drug books are Drake and Drake Pharmaceutical
Word Book, Quick-Look Drug Book, The American Drug
Book, Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR), and Dorland’s
Illustrated Medical Dictionary.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Other References
• Anatomy & Physiology Textbook
• English Dictionary
• Telephone Books
• Current Magazines
• Current Medical Terminology
• American Hospital Association Guide to the Health Care
Field
• American Medical Association Membership Directory
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Online References
• www.aamt.org/aamt--AAMT Web Page
• www.stedmans.com
• www.textware.com
• www.transcriptiongear.com
• www.mtjobs.com
• www.dailygrammar.com
• Check out these sites and tell me what you find?
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Best Practices for Success
• Each week we will cover a variety of topics that will help
you be successful in your career.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Soundalike Word Choice
Choose the correct word in the following sentences.
1. The patient fell and suffered a fracture of his right (palate,
patella).
2. Many medical transcriptionists confuse the terms (ilium,
ileum), which is the lower portion of the small intestine, and
(ilium, ileum), which is the flaring portion of the hip bone.
3. Due to the patient's recent stroke and subsequent (dysphagia,
dysphasia), a percutaneous gastrostomy tube was placed for
feeding purposes.
4. Ms. Cox's (MELT, MELD) score was high enough to place her at
the top of the transplant list.
5. His stomach was so damaged by disease that a(n)
(vitrectomy, antrectomy) had to be performed.
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Soundalike Word Choice Answers
1. The patient fell and suffered a fracture of his right
(palate, patella).
2. Many medical transcriptionists confuse the terms (ilium,
ileum), which is the lower portion of the small intestine,
and (ilium, ileum), which is the flaring portion of the hip
bone.
3. Due to the patient's recent stroke and subsequent
(dysphagia, dysphasia), a percutaneous gastrostomy
tube was placed for feeding purposes.
4. Ms. Cox's (MELT, MELD) score was high enough to place
her at the top of the transplant list.
5. His stomach was so damaged by disease that a(n)
(vitrectomy, antrectomy) had to be performed.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Soundalike Word Choice
• 6. On postoperative day 1, the patient was afebrile with
no evidence of (ciliary, biliary) sepsis.
• 7. She was sent to the emergency room, where on
examination she reported abdominal pain consistent with
mild (constipation, lactation).
• 8. His (bile, bowel) obstruction was relieved with enemas
given every 8 hours.
• 9. A prescription was provided for GoLYTELY in
preparation for anticipated (colonoscopy, colposcopy) to
evaluate the large intestine.
• 10. The family history is unremarkable for GI
abnormalities except for the mother having
gastroesophageal (reflex, reflux) during her pregnancy.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Soundalike Word Choice Answers
6. On postoperative day 1, the patient was afebrile with no
evidence of (ciliary, biliary) sepsis.
7. She was sent to the emergency room, where on
examination she reported abdominal pain consistent with
mild (constipation, lactation).
8. His (bile, bowel) obstruction was relieved with enemas
given every 8 hours.
9. A prescription was provided for GoLYTELY in preparation
for anticipated (colonoscopy, colposcopy) to evaluate
the large intestine.
10. The family history is unremarkable for GI abnormalities
except for the mother having gastroesophageal (reflex,
reflux) during her pregnancy.
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Medical Terminology Review
Choose the correct word in the following sentences.
1. The stomach turns food into (chyme, chemosis) before it
enters the duodenum.
2. Visual examination of the digestive tract is called
(ductoscopy, endoscopy).
3. A HIDA scan is also referred to as a (cholescintigraphy,
cholecystectomy).
4. The presence of gallstones in the common bile duct is
referred to (cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis).
5. Palmar (edema, erythema) is a condition in which the
palms of the hands may be reddish and blotchy.
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Medical Terminology Review Answers
1. The stomach turns food into (chyme, chemosis) before
it enters the duodenum.
2. Visual examination of the digestive tract is called
(ductoscopy, endoscopy).
3. A HIDA scan is also referred to as a
(cholescintigraphy, cholecystectomy).
4. The presence of gallstones in the common bile duct is
referred to (cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis).
5. Palmar (edema, erythema) is a condition in which the
palms of the hands may be reddish and blotchy.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Medical Terminology Review
• 6. An upper GI series uses (barium, balium) as a contrast
material.
• 7. A scope can be used to examine the stomach only,
called a (gastroduodenoscopy, gastroscopy).
• 8. (Genophils, genotypes) are hepatitis C genes that
mutate into new variations.
• 9. Another name for the GI system is the (alimentary,
augumentary) tract.
• 10. The (antrum, cardia) is the lower portion of the
stomach.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Medical Terminology Review Answers
• 6. An upper GI series uses (barium, balium) as a
contrast material.
• 7. A scope can be used to examine the stomach only,
called a (gastroduodenoscopy, gastroscopy).
• 8. (Genophils, genotypes) are hepatitis C genes that
mutate into new variations.
• 9. Another name for the GI system is the (alimentary,
augumentary) tract.
• 10. The (antrum, cardia) is the lower portion of the
stomach.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Multiple Choice
Answer the following questions by circling the correct term in
the Choices (right) column.
1. What is another name for upper
GI series?
barium enema, barium swallow,
laparoscopy
2. What is the middle part of the
small intestine?
ileum, antrum, jejunum
3. What is the opening at the end
of the digestive tract?
anus, rectum, colon
4. What is bleeding in the stomach
called?
anus, rectum, colon
5. What is the bacterium involved
in gastritis?
H. pylori, H. pylorus, H. papillus
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answers
1. What is another name for upper
GI series?
barium enema, barium swallow,
laparoscopy
2. What is the middle part of the
small intestine?
ileum, antrum, jejunum
3. What is the opening at the end
of the digestive tract?
anus, rectum, colon
4. What is bleeding in the stomach
called?
hematemesis, melanoma, melena
5. What is the bacterium involved
in gastritis?
H. pylori, H. pylorus, H. papillus
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Multiple Choice (cont.)
6. What is a yellowish cast to
the skin?
xanthoma, bilirubin, jaundice
7. What is the condition in which
feces contain excessive fat?
steatohepatitis, steatorrhea,
cirrhosis
8. What is the pouch at the
beginning of the large intestine
called?
cecum, colon, cardia
9. What is inflammation of the cells pancreatitis, gastritis, hepatitis
of the liver called?
10. What is another word for
hidden?
occult, obtund, obese
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answers
6. What is a yellowish cast to
the skin?
xanthoma, bilirubin, jaundice
7. What is the condition in which
feces contain excessive fat?
steatohepatitis, steatorrhea,
cirrhosis
8. What is the pouch at the
beginning of the large intestine
called?
cecum, colon, cardia
9. What is inflammation of the cells pancreatitis, gastritis, hepatitis
of the liver called?
10. What is another word for
hidden?
occult, obtund, obese
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Transcription Tip
• The stool softener docusate is frequently mistranscribed
because it is mispronounced. The correct pronunciation
of the medication sounds like DOCK-yoo-sate, but
dictators sometimes pronounce the word as DUCK-a-sate
(Gilmore, 2009).
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Transcription Tip
• According to the AAMT Book of Style, when transcribing
hepatitis terminology, the word hepatitis is not
capitalized, but capital letters are used to designate type.
Example: The patient was diagnosed with hepatitis A
(Gilmore, 2009).
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Transcription Tip
• A typical dictation error concerns the plural of the word
diverticulum, which is diverticula, not diverticulae,
diverticulas, or diverticuli. Be sure to transcribe the plural
form of diverticulum correctly, even if the dictated form
is incorrect (Gilmore, 2009).
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Transcription Tip
• When dictating blood work results, physicians may refer
to the value of bilirubin, which can be expressed as total
bilirubin or direct bilirubin, or both, as brief forms such
as bili, direct bili, total bili, or T bili. You should avoid the
use of these brief forms and transcribe the term in full,
for example, bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin
(Gilmore 2009).
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
What are the meanings to the following?
1. EGD
2. ERCP
3. EUS
4. GERD
5. GES
6. GI
7. HAV
8. HBV
9. HCV
10.HIDA
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Abbreviation Answers
1. EGD 1. esophagogastroduodenoscopy
2. ERCP 2. endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
3. EUS 3. endoscopic ultrasound
4. GERD 4. gastroesophageal reflux disease
5. GES 5. gastric emptying study
6. GI
6. gastrointestinal
7. HAV 7. hepatitis A virus
8. HBV 8. hepatitis B virus
9. HCV 9. hepatitis C virus
10.HIDA 10.hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid
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What are the meanings to the following?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
IBD
IBS
INR
IPAA
MELD
6. MRCP
7. NASH
8. PUD
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Abbreviation Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
IBD
IBS
INR
IPAA
MELD
6. MRCP
7. NASH
8. PUD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
irritable bowel disease
irritable bowel syndrome
international normalized ratio
ileal pouch anal anastomosis
Model for End-Stage Liver
Disease
6. magnetic resonance
cholangiopancreatography
7. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
8. peptic ulcer disease
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Define the following?
1. antibody test
2. adenocarcinoma
3. rectum
4. bilirubin
5. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
6. histamine-2 (H2) blockers
7. proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
8. brain-gut axis
9. Crohn disease
10.choledocholithiasis
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Define the following…Answers.
1. A blood test to indicate the body's reaction to infection.
2. A cancers of the cells that line the inside of the colon
and rectum.
3. A chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine,
immediately following the sigmoid colon.
4. A chemical formed from the degradation of hemoglobin
in the blood, which is processed by the liver and then
secreted into the bile.
5. A chronic disorder of motility of the digestive tract.
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Define the following…Answers.
6. A class of drugs that reduce the production of acid in
the stomach.
7. A class of drugs that reduce the production of acid in
the stomach but that are more potent than H2 blockers
and, thus, promote healing of ulcers in a shorter period
of time.
8. A communication of the nerve cells between the
digestive system and the brain.
9. A condition causing open sores affecting all layers lining
the entire wall of the large and/or small intestine.
10.A condition in which gallstones form inside the common
bile duct.
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Define the following?
1. cholelithiasis
2. cirrhosis
3. steatorrhea
4. malabsorption
5. palmar erythema
6. ascites
7. peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
8. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
9. ostomy bag
10.barium sulfate
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Define the following…Answers.
1. A condition in which gallstones form inside the
gallbladder.
2. A condition in which normal liver cells are damaged and
replaced by scar tissue.
3. A condition in which the feces contain excessive fat,
causing them to float and be very foul-smelling.
4. A condition in which the intestinal tract cannot digest
fats as well as it should.
5. A condition in which the palms of the hands may be
reddish and blotchy.
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Define the following…Answers.
6. A condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the
abdomen.
7. A condition whereby a peptic ulcer develops in the
stomach.
8. A condition whereby an excessive amount of stomach
acids and enzymes flow backward from the stomach
into the lower esophagus.
9. A container attached to a stoma in the abdomen that
collects the contents of the small intestine and
unformed waste after an ileostomy procedure.
10.A contrast material used for radiographic study of the
gastrointestinal tract.
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Define the following?
1. fissure
2. peritonitis
3. pancreatic cancer
4. diverticular disease
5. antibiotic
6. epiglottis
7. polyp
8. endoscope
9. colonoscope
10.inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
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Define the following…Answers.
1. A crack in the anal membrane.
2. A dangerous inflammation and infection of the lining of
the abdominal wall.
3. A disease in which cancerous cells are found in the
tissues of the pancreas.
4. A disorder of the large intestine characterized by
diverticula that protrude through the muscular layer of
the colon.
5. A drug used to inhibit the growth of organisms that
cause infection.
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Define the following…Answers.
6. A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue which
prevents food and fluids from entering the airway.
7. A fleshy growth of tissue that starts in the lining and
grows into the center of the colon or rectum.
8. A flexible tube with a light and camera attached that is
used to examine the interior surfaces of an organ.
9. A flexible, elongated endoscope used to view the inside
of the entire colon and rectum.
10.A group of disorders that cause the intestines to
become chronically inflamed and swollen.
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Define the following?
1. pancreas
2. small intestine
3. large intestine
4. international normalized ratio (INR)
5. fecal fat test
6. gastroenterologist
7. antacid
8. laparoscopic cholecystectomy
9. tongue
10.esophagus
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Define the following…Answers.
1. A large gland that lies in front of the upper spine and
behind the stomach, which allows digestive enzymes to
flow into the duodenum.
2. A long tube that connects the stomach to the large
intestine and is responsible for the actual digestion of
food.
3. A long, tube-like organ that moves waste material from
the small intestine to be excreted by the body.
4. A measurement of bilirubin and prothrombin time (PT)
in the blood.
5. A measurement of the fat contained in a sample of
stool.
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Define the following…Answers.
6. A medical specialist who cares for patients with diseases
and disorders of the gastrointestinal system.
7. A medication that neutralizes stomach acids.
8. A minimally invasive procedure using the laparoscope
and small incisions to remove the gallbladder.
9. A mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous
membrane, occupying the cavity of the mouth and
forming part of its floor. It is the organ of taste and
assists in the chewing and swallowing of food as well as
articulating speech.
10.A muscular channel that connects the throat with the
stomach.
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Define the following?
1. stomach
2. chyme
3. stricture
4. local transanal resection
5. peptic ulcer
6. endoscopy
7. esophageal sphincter
8. parotid (glands)
9. submandibular (glands)
10.sublingual (glands)
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Define the following…Answers.
1. A muscular, sac-like organ that receives food from the
esophagus during digestion.
2. A mushy liquid that food is converted to by the
stomach.
3. A narrowing of part of the intestine.
4. A non-invasive procedure whereby tumorous tissue is
removed from the rectum.
5. A nonmalignant sore that develops in the lining of the
stomach or duodenum.
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Define the following…Answers.
6. A nonsurgical procedure used to examine the digestive
tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera
attached to it.
7. A one-way valve located between the esophagus and
stomach that regulates the entry of food into the
stomach.
8. A pair of salivary glands located at the side of the face
and in front of and below the external ear.
9. A pair of salivary glands located beneath the lower jaw
(mandible).
10.A pair of salivary glands located under the tongue.
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