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Introduction to Organ Systems BioEd Online Organ Systems Cardiovascular Respiratory Nervous Digestive Muscular Skeletal BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Cardiovascular System This system includes the heart and the blood vessels Blood travels through the vessels to bring oxygen and food to all cells Erythrocytes White blood cells Blood also carries away the waste products of metabolism BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Diagram of Human Heart Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Left atrium Right atrium Mitral Valve Tricuspid Valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Anterior view BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Respiratory System Respiratory system provides oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide It includes the lungs and the airways Breathing, or external respiration, is the taking in of oxygen and the giving off of carbon dioxide Exhalation Inhalation Internal respiration refers to the gas exchange between the blood and body cells BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Respiratory System Diagram Nasal Passage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchioles Bronchus Alveoli BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Nervous System Controls and coordinates conscious and unconscious actions Two major division of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): cranial nerves and spinal nerves Neurons (nerve cells) transmit electrical impulses throughout the body Neuroglia is the connective tissue that supports and protects the nervous tissue BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Neuron Diagram Dendrite Cell body Myelin sheath Axon BioEd Online Node of Ranvier Axon terminals www.BioEdOnline.org Diagram of Human Brain Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Corpus callosum Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Digestive System Responsible for the intake and breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and removal of solid waste Structures Gastrointestinal or GI tract (mouth, pharynx or throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine) Accessory (teeth, tongue, mouth, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas) BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Human Digestive System Diagram Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Liver Stomach Large Intestine Small Intestine Villi BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Muscular System Parts of Muscular System Muscles Connective tissue Functions of Muscular System Movement of skeleton Generate heat for the body Maintain posture BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Human Muscular System Diagram Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachi Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Skeletal System Parts of skeletal system bones cartilage joints Functions of skeletal system Framework and support Protection Storage for excess calcium BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org Human Skeleton Diagram Skull Scapula Humerus Ulna Clavicle Sternum Ribs Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Pelvis Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges BioEd Online www.BioEdOnline.org