Download Cholera

http://www.oddee.com/item_90608.aspx
Bacteria that cause
the disease.

Discovery
◦ Pacini- 1854
◦ Koch- 1883
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera
 Host
◦ Humans
 Stomach
 Intestines
 Host
◦ Humans
 Stomach
 Intestines
 Vector
◦ Marine Life
◦ Shellfish
◦ Oysters
◦ Zooplankton
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi
c/114078/cholera#
•Pass through stomach
•Activated in small
intestine
http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/f/f6/Vibrio_cholerae.jpg
•Pass through stomach
•Activated in small
intestine
•Flagella production
•Mucus layer
http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/f/f6/Vibrio_cholerae.jpg
•Pass through stomach
•Activated in small
intestine
•Flagella production
•Mucus layer
•Epithelial cell surface
•Produce: Cholera Toxin
http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/f/f6/Vibrio_cholerae.jpg

Sodium: Na+
◦ 20-30g

Sodium: Na+
◦ 20-30g

SGLT1 Proteins
◦ Na+
◦ Glucose


Section A enters
Stimulation Pathway
Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human
Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005





Section A enters
Stimulation Pathway
Cl- flowing out
Na+ follows it
H20 follows them
Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human
Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005






Section A enters
Stimulation Pathway
Cl- flowing out
Na+ follows
H20 follows them
Na+ /glucose uptake
can’t keep up.
Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human
Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005

Extremely watery diarrhea: “rice-water” stool
http://smartabouthealth.net/diseases/2009/03/10/cholera-deaths-in-zimbabwe-tops-4000/


Extremely watery diarrhea: “rice-water” stool
Vomiting
 Dehydration
 Extreme thirst **
 Low urine output
 Lack of tears
http://smartabouthealth.net/diseases/2009/03/10/cholera-deaths-in-zimbabwe-tops-4000/


Extremely watery diarrhea: “rice-water” stool
Vomiting
 Dehydration
 Extreme thirst **
 Low urine output
 Lack of tears

Hypovolemic shock
Death
http://smartabouthealth.net/diseases/2009/03/10/cholera-deaths-in-zimbabwe-tops-4000/

Mode of transmission
◦ Fecal to oral
Host
Collected as
drinking water
(Human)
Water source
not
filtered/treated
Diarrheal
Response
Feces
contaminate
water source

Mode of transmission
◦ Fecal to oral
Host
Collected as
drinking water
(Human)
Diarrhea
Is this the body’s evolved
defense mechanism?
Or cholera’s evolved
infection method?
Water source
not
filtered/treated
Diarrheal
Response
Feces
contaminate
water source

3rd world predominantly

Drinking water
 No filtering
 No processing
 No purifying

Lack knowledge
◦ Children
Little to no
water Infrastructure

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/info/cholera-eng.php

Oral Rehydration therapy (ORT):
◦ Oral rehydration salts
◦ H2O
◦ Intravenous rehydration

Public health is the main way (right now)
◦ Water infrastructure
 Clean drinking water
 Sanitation
 Hygiene
 Education

Vaccine
http://fieldnotes.unicefusa.org/photos/






www.wikipedia.org
◦ Cholera, Vibrio Cholerae, Cholera Toxin, Zooplankton, Small Intestine, SGLT1 Protein, Enterotoxin,
ORT,
Cholera Toxin Pathway:
◦ Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco:
Pearson, 2005
Effects on Heatlh
◦ https://health.google.com/health/ref/Cholera
As Usual:
◦ Weekly epidemiological report- 4 AUGUST 2006, 81st YEAR
http://www.who.int/wer/2006/wer8131.pdf
◦ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera#
Incidence Reports
◦ http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/surveillance/en/index.html
Treatment
◦ WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/2000.1 WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious
Diseases- http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/surveillance/en/cholera.pdf