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Threadmill exercise
reduce obestatin
concentrations in rat
fundus and small
intestine.(abbass GhanbariNiaki.2008)
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Intruduction:
• Ghrelin and obestatin both are
orexigenic/anorexigenic peptides which
are secreted from gasterointestinal
tracts(fondus submucusa cells).
• Encoded by same gene.
• Stimulate growth hormone release
• Have opposite actions on food intake
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• Ghrelin:
• A 28-amino acid peptide.
• Novel player in the gut-brain regulation
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of growth hormone and energy balance.
Produced mainly by P/D1 cells lining the
fundes of the human stomach and epsilon
cells of the pacreas that stimulates
appetite.
Also produce in the hypothalamic arcuate
nucleus which stimulate GH hormone.
Emerged as the first circulating hunger
hormone,increase food intake and fat
mass.
• Discovery: Reported by Masayasu
kojima (1999)
• Root ghre; meaning to grow .
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GHRELIN
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• Obestatine:
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6.
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A 23-amino acid peptid.
Found in late 2005 ,to decrease appetite.
Effects of obestatin on :
GI motility.
Glucose homeostasis.
Cell proliferations.
Hormone secretion.
Thirst,sleep,memory,anxiety,water intake.
Body weight ; energy expenditure.
Also induce early gene expression
in:stomach,intestine,white adipose tissue,liver
and kidney.
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• Singel session of circuit-resistanse exercise
at different intensities did not change
plasma obestatin concentrations.
• Only one study show:short(acute)and lung
threadmill exercise have effect on plasma
and hypothalamus ghrelin and obestatin
levels.
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• So;
We want explain on:
Effect of moderate-term threadmill exercise
on fundus and intestine obestatin
concentraitions.
And see if existing this changing,what about
ATP concentrations in GI.
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MATERIALS AND METHOD:
1. Fourteen wistar male rats(14-16 weeks
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old)weighing 235-250g.
Housed five per cage in with a volume
4L.
12:12 light-dark cycle.
Temperature :22±1.4 ˚C
Humidity :55.6±4.0%
Feed ad libitum and water.
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• Rondomly asigned into 2 group:
1. Control group(n=7)
2. Training one(n=7)a moderate running
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exercise program.
First familiarization of rats with
apparatus for 4 days.
Exercise for 5 days/week for 6 weeks
Fed but not exercise 48h prior to
sacrifice.
Food not water was removed from cages
4h before experiment.
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• Tissue biopsies and blood
sample:
• Anesthetized IP with ketamine and
xylazine.
• A part of fundus,upper small intestine and
liver were excised,clean divided into 2
parts;washed in ice-cold saline,frozen in
liquid nitrogen.all parts srored at -80˚C.
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• Blood collected directly from heart in test
tubes containing
EDTA,centrifugation,frozen and stored 80˚C untill analysis.
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• Fundus and intestine total
obestatin,ATP,liver glycogen:
Measured with EIA kit ,with minimum
detectable concentration 0.32 and 0.08
ng/ml ,respectively for: fundus and
intestine total obestatin.
Fundus and intestine ATP was determined:
Bioaffina Gmbh ATP sensitive
bioluminesence kit.
Liver glycogen determined by glycogen colometric kit.
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• Plasma glucose,growth
hormone,insulin and cortisol
concentration:
• Plasma glucose determined by enzymatic
colometric method.
• Plasma GH,insulin ,cortisol determined by
ELISA method.
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Result:
• Significant diffrences not found in:
Body weight.plasma glucose, cortisol
Consentrations.
Resting plasma total obestatin remaind
Unchanged.
Total obestatin levels were significantly
decreased in traind rat fundus and intestine.
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Fig. 1. Plasma, fundus, and intestine total
obestatin concentrations in control and trained
wild type male rats. Values are means ± SEM.
*Trained vs. control. Seven animals per group.
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• Fundus and intestine ATP concentration
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were unchanged.
Higher glycogen concentration was
observed in trained rat liver.
High concentration of GH level .
*SO:negetive corrolations between both
fundus and intestine total obestatin
concentrations and plasma GH levels.
No correlation between total obestatin
concentration and any other variable.
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Fig. 2. Plasma GH and liver glycogen
concentrations in control and trained wild
type male rats. *Trained vs. control. Values
are means ± SEM. Seven animals per
group.
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Discussion
• The major findings of the present study were that
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fundus and intestine not plasma obestatin
concentrations were decreased and plasma GH
level was elevated after the treadmill exercise
program.
Neither a single circuit-resistance exercise at
different intensities nor A short (acute) and longterm treadmill exercise for 8 weeks at 22 m/min
did not change plasma obestatin levels in rat
subjects .
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The mechanism(s) by which treadmill exercise
reduces total obestatin concentrations in rat
fundus and intestine tissues is poorly
understood.
It has been suggested that plasma and stomach
ghrelin and obestatin levels are regulated by
several hormones such as;
GH,insulin,somatostatin,glucagon.
But;
With consider to hormonal responses, only
plasma GH was significantly higher in trained
rats .
A negative correlation has also been found
between fundus and intestine total
concentrations and GH level Our results are in
agreement with the results were previously
reported by several studies.
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• the growing information is exist about the
effect of GH elevation upon plasma and
stomach ghrelin suppression but the
information about the effect of higher
plasma GH on total obestatin level is
lacking.
• Food intake, glucose administration, highcarbohydrate diet, and oral glucose
tolerance test following a negative energy
balance circumstances have been shown
to decrease plasma and stomach obestatin
and ghrelin concentrations in human and
animals subjects.
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• Our data, however suggest that 6
weeks treadmill exercise that
increases hepatic glycogen level
which is accompanied with reduction
in total obestatin concentrations in
the fundus and intestine.
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• this is the first study demonstrating
that effect of treadmill exercise upon
fundus and intestine total obestatin
concentrations.
• The present study is also the first
demonstrating that treadmill
exercise reduces fundus and
intestine total obestatin
concentrations without a significant
change in both fundus and intestine
ATP levels.
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CONCLUSION:
• suggesting that treadmill exercise
training by enhancing plasma GH and
liver glycogen content may suppress
fundus and intestine total obestatin
synthesis and their secretions. (via a
negative feedback action as proposed for ghrelin
.)
suppression
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THANKS SO MUCH
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