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5/22/2017 1 The Digestive System Let’s find out what happened to your lunch today! • • • • • • • • • Mouth, Salivary Glands Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Liver Gall Bladder Pancreas Anus 5/22/2017 2 Mouth • Teeth mechanically • Epiglottis is a flapbreak down food like structure at the into small pieces. back of the throat Tongue mixes food that closes over with saliva the trachea (contains amylase, preventing food which helps break from entering it. down starch). 5/22/2017 3 Esophagus • Approximately 10” long • Moves food from the throat to the stomach – Muscle movement called peristalsis • If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn. • At the base of the esophagus (top of stomach) is the cardiac sphintercloses to prevent reflux of food. 4 Stomach • J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. • Has numerous folds called rugae and a protective coating called mucin. • Mixes food with digestive juices that contain enzymes to break down proteins and lipids. • Acid in the stomach kills bacteria. • Food exists the stomach is called chyme. • At the bottom of the stomach, is the phyloric sphinter. 5 Small Intestine • Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long • Insides are coated with little ‘fingers’ called cilia to increase surface area. • Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. • Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, that are covered in microvilli, which increases surface area for absorption. • Small intestine is divided into 3 parts: duodenum, jejenum, and ileum. 6 Large Intestine • About 5 feet long • Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb. • Absorbs water and minerals from the waste matter. • Is also divided into 3 parts: caecum, receives material from SI, colon (main part), and the rectum (short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled). 7 Liver • Directly affects digestion by producing bile – Bile helps digest fat • Processes nutrients in the blood, filters out toxins and waste. • Enzyme catalyase decomposed hydrogen peroxide • Is often called the body’s energy factory 8 Accessory Organs • Not part of the path • Include: Liver, gall of food, but play a bladder, and critical role. pancreas 5/22/2017 9 Gall Bladder • Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the duodenum. • Fatty diets can cause gallstones 10 Pancreas • Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats and proteins • Neutralizes acids that enter small intestine • Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin 5/22/2017 11 Fun Facts • HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long! • Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days! • In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons!! 5/22/2017 12 5/22/2017 13 On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ: • • • • • • • Green: Red: Pink: Brown: Purple: Green: Yellow: 5/22/2017 14 How’d you do? • • • • • • • Green: Esophagus Red: Stomach Pink: Small Intestine Brown: Large Intestine Purple: Liver Green: Gall Bladder Yellow: Pancreas Great Job! 5/22/2017 15 References and Links • Your Digestive System and How It Works – Digestive system diagram comes from this site • The Real Deal on the Digestive System • Pancreas: Introduction and Index • Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System 5/22/2017 16