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Cattle Digestive System 1. Gastrointestinal Tract Also known as the GIT. From lips to anus. All of the parts in the digestive system. 2. Digestion The breakdown of food into smaller components that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. 3. Ingestion Taking food into the mouth to begin the process of digestion. 4. Polygastric More than one stomach. Cattle, goats, sheep, giraffes, bison, yaks, buffalo, deer, gazelles, mouse deer, wildebeests, moose, caribou, elk. 5. Beef cattle have a ruminant digestive system. What does that mean? The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin ruminare, which means "to chew over again". Ruminants, like cattle, have four stomachs. They also chew their cud or ruminate. 6. What are the 10 main parts of the digestive system in cattle? MOUTH 7. How many stomachs do cattle have? Name each one. 4 Stomachs Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum 8. What is the function of each of the cattle stomachs? RUMEN – Also called the paunch and fermentation vat. Microbial fermentation of feed. In other words, bacteria in the rumen help digest the hay and grain the cow eats. RETICULUM – Also known as the honeycomb and water bag. Muscular contractions squeeze and separate feed particles. Some feed particles are absorbed here, others move on for further digestion. OMASUM – Has many plies or folds of tissue. Absorbs water, magnesium, and volatile fatty acids from the feed mixture. ABOMASUM – Also referred to as the true stomach. Digestion of bacteria and proteins for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum 9. What does bacteria and microorganisms have to do with cattle digestion of feed? Bacteria, protozoans, and fungi secrete enzymes that help digest the roughage feeds (hay) that cattle eat. Microorganisms produce ammonia and volatile fatty acids that can be absorbed and used by the cow. Bacteria produce their own amino acids to build proteins. The bacteria are eventually digested and used by the cow for its own protein needs. Rumen Bacteria 10. A calf’s digestive systems must be inoculated before it can digest hay and other roughage feeds. What does this mean? Introduction of bacteria into the rumen of young calves. Happens naturally as calves feed with mature cattle. Helps develop the function of the rumen. 11. Rumination The process of re-chewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion. Click to see a ruminating cow 12. Bolus A bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed. 13. What is hardware disease? Bovine traumatic reticuloperitonitis. It is usually caused by the ingestion of a sharp, metallic object. These pieces of metal settle in the reticulum, and can irritate or penetrate the lining. 14. Where does the undigested feed go after leaving the abomasum? (4 places) Small Intestine Cecum Large Intestine Rectum RECTUM