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Active Lecture Questions CHAPTER 23 The Digestive System Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The esophagus is a part of the ______, while the pancreas is considered a(n) _______ when it comes to the digestive system. a. alimentary canal; accessory digestive organ b. stomach; propulsion organ c. accessory organs; alimentary canal component d. pharynx; mechanical digestive organ Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The majority of absorption occurs in the ________. a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. mouth Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The majority of _________ occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. a. ingestion b. chemical digestion c. mechanical digestion d. absorption Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Stimuli that regulate gastrointestinal tract activity are generated by _________. a. the CNS b. chemoreceptors in the gut c. the enteric nerve plexus d. all of the above Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost. a. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa b. Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa c. Serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa d. Muscularis externa, submucosa, serosa, mucosa Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following types of epithelial tissues is most predominant throughout the digestive tract? a. Simple squamous b. Stratified squamous c. Simple columnar d. Simple cuboidal Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The _________ are double layers of peritoneum that extend from the body wall to the digestive viscera and help anchor them in place. a. omenta b. mesenteries c. serosal layers d. mucosal layers Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. In general, parasympathetic inputs to the gut are _________, while sympathetic inputs are _________. a. stimulatory; inhibitory b. rapid; long lasting c. inhibitory; stimulatory d. hormonal; neural Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chemical digestion is initiated in the _________. a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Why does your mouth suddenly “go dry” when you are about to deliver a presentation to a large crowd? a. Parasympathetic activity stimulates salivation. b. Parasympathetic activity inhibits salivation. c. Sympathetic activity stimulates salivation. d. Sympathetic activity inhibits salivation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Frequently, criminal investigators will predict the age of a victim at the time of death. If this individual was under 18 years of age, how is it possible to closely estimate his/her age using dental evidence alone? a. The size of the teeth is directly correlated to the age of the victim. b. Teeth erupt at predictable ages in a predictable pattern. c. The thickness of the enamel indicates age. d. There are four sets of teeth, each coinciding with a different developmental age. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Most teeth are primarily composed of _________. a. enamel b. pulp c. dentin d. cementum Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter? a. Acid reflux into the esophagus b. Uncontrollable bowel movements c. Heart attack d. Rapid overfilling of the stomach Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. _________ involves over 22 muscle groups and includes the buccal phase and the pharyngeal-esophageal phase. a. Mastication b. Bolus formation c. Deglutition d. Peristalsis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The stomach is able to expand nearly 100 times its empty volume partly due to _________ in its walls. a. microvilli b. rugae c. plicae circulares d. haustra Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin B12 injections every 2 weeks. Why? a. This patient is training for a triathlon. b. This patient is anemic and has low iron. c. Parietal cells in this patient’s stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor. d. This patient’s parietal cells have stopped secreting HCl. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is pepsin inactive when tested at pH 7? a. Pepsin’s activity is specific to the stomach’s pH of 1.5–3.5. b. A pH above 3 will denature all proteins. c. Pepsin only works in the blood. d. Proteins in the stomach change its pH. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Digestion of which of the following might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid? a. Lipid b. Carbohydrate c. Sugar d. Protein Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the _________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated. a. cephalic b. gastric c. intestinal d. gastrin Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Meals high in protein ______ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands. a. increase b. decrease c. have no affect upon d. delay Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The ______ cells are responsible for HCl production. a. goblet b. mucous c. parietal d. chief Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The _________ in the small intestine have a similar structure and function to the _________ in the stomach. a. gastric pits; intestinal glands b. intestinal glands; gastric pits c. goblet cells; enteroendocrine cells d. brush border; rugae Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A meal high in fat would _________. a. stimulate rapid gastric emptying b. stimulate the intensity of the stomach’s peristaltic waves c. increase gastrin secretion d. inhibit gastric emptying Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption? a. Acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum. b. CCK is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion. c. The interior of the small intestine has a huge surface area due to the presence of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli. d. The small intestine is very long and thin. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. What is the primary stimulus for intestinal gland secretion? a. An alkaline content b. An acidic content c. Distension of the intestinal wall d. Both b and c Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ______ stimulates the gallbladder to contract. a. Secretin b. CCK c. Gastrin d. Fatty chyme Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. You would expect blood levels of ______ to be high when the pH of stomach chyme is at its lowest. a. secretin b. CCK c. gastrin d. H+ Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Cirrhosis of the liver would most severely impact digestion of _________. a. carbohydrates b. amino acids c. proteins d. lipids Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. In terms of digestion, the large intestine’s greatest contribution is: a. exposing the chyme to the rich assortment of pancreatic enzymes through the process of segmentation. b. absorption of all primary nutrients. c. absorption of water. d. regulation of gastric motility. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. The ______ is (are) the primary location for lipid absorption. a. lacteals b. hepatic portal vein c. epiploic appendages d. brush border Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.