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Lecture 5C
9 Oct. 2015
Lipids III
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GLA (EVENING PRIMROSE, BORAGE, BLACKCURRANT, AND FUNGAL
OILS)
DGLA MAKES PG 1 AND LT 3
-VASODILATORY-STRAW TO FIRE HOSE
(DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE)
-ANTI PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
-DGLA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY
-DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
(DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
AA -AA INCREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-INCREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-INCREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY- INCREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
(INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-INCREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-INCREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
GLA- GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-6) OR (18:3 6)
DGLA- DIHOMOGAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (20:3 n-6) OR (20:3 6)
AA- ARACHIDONIC ACID (20:4 n-6) OR (20:4 6)
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ALA (ALA IS FOUND IN FLAXSEED, CANOLA, BLACKCURRANT SEED,
SOME FUNGI AND THEIR SEED OILS)
EPA MAKES PG 3 AND LT 5
-VASODILATORY-STRAW TO FIRE HOSE
(DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE)
-ANTI PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
-EPA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY
-DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
- (DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
DHA
-DHA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY
-DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
-(DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
ALA- ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-3) OR (18:3 3)
EPA- EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (20:5 n-3) OR (20:5 3)
DHA- DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (22:6 n-3) OR (22:6 3)
EPA AND DHA ARE FOUND IN FISH, FISH OILS, AND
MARINE MAMMALS AND THEIR OILS
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A)rheumatoid arthritis
pathology
diet
ELIMINATION THERAPY
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Rheumatoid arthritis continued
Elimination diet
dong diet-simple foods (seafood, veggies, and rice
while eliminating additives, preservatives, red meat,
herbs, dairy products, spices, carbonated drinks and
ethanol)
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Arthritis and diet continued
Elimination therapy
no difference between dong and placebo diets
for RA patients-other dietary elimination studies
have come up with the same thing
role of diet in RA is controversial because
existing studies do not give clear cut result
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ARTHRITIS CONTINUED
Functional foods
fish-doesn’t work
-no other proven examples
of functional foods
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Arthritis continued
Nutraceuticals
evening primrose oil
borage oil
black currant oil
fish oil
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b) Eczema
Pathology
food allergy or RA associated diet
solution-remove food allergen
from diet
for RA associated diet - no proven
dietary approach known 12
Eczema continued
functional foods
fish-a problem
no other proven functional food
nutraceuticals
evening primrose oil
borage oil
black currant oil
fish oil
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Cancer
pathology
diet
saturated fat does not cause cancer but
promotes once it gets started- not conclusive
but reduce saturated fat
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Cancer continued
Functional foods
flax-lignans-SDGsecoisolariciresinol diglycoside
Nutraceuticals
phytosterols
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Obesity
Pathology
Diet
-reduce total fat intake
Functional foods
Nutraceuticals
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Dietary fat recommendations- p 154
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increased oleic acid intake and low in saturated and
trans fats, and cholesterol
total fat-20-35 % of total energy intake-only above 30 %
of total calories if consume increased amounts of oleic
acid and with low saturated and trans fat intake(CFG)
saturated fat-10 % of total energy intake maximum
linoleic acid- 5-10 % of total energy intake-essential
fatty acid
alpha-linolenic acid- 0.6-1.2 % of daily calories- ALA
is an essential fatty acid
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Dietary fat recommendations
cholesterol-300 mg /day max in persons not at risk
of clinically significant atherosclerosis
eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and grains
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What is new in lipid research?
Tilakavati Karupaiah and Kalyana Sundram
Modulation of human postprandial lipemia
by changing ratios of polyunsaturated to
saturated (P/S) fatty acid content of blended
dietary fats: a cross-over design with
repeated measures
Nutrition Journal 2013,
12:122 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-122
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What is new in lipid research?
Nutrition Journal 2013, 12:122 doi:10.1186/1475-289112-122
Prolonged post-prandial lipemia (elevated plasma
triglyceride concentrations) poses significant risks for
heart attack in terms of elevated plasma concentrations of
chylomicron triglycerides and lowered HDL-c.
Compared to higher polyunsaturated:saturated (P:S) fatty
acid diets, a low P:S diet gave the best increase in postprandial HDL-c levels but low dietary P:S ratios caused
an upward trend (non-significant) in post-prandial total
plasma triglyceride levels. So caution regarding P:S20ratios
until there are more definitive results!!