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Lecture 5C
9 Oct. 2015
Lipids III
1
2
GLA (EVENING PRIMROSE, BORAGE, BLACKCURRANT, AND FUNGAL
OILS)
DGLA MAKES PG 1 AND LT 3
-VASODILATORY-STRAW TO FIRE HOSE
(DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE)
-ANTI PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
-DGLA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY
-DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
(DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
AA -AA INCREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-INCREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-INCREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY- INCREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
(INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-INCREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-INCREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
GLA- GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-6) OR (18:3 6)
DGLA- DIHOMOGAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID (20:3 n-6) OR (20:3 6)
AA- ARACHIDONIC ACID (20:4 n-6) OR (20:4 6)
4
ALA (ALA IS FOUND IN FLAXSEED, CANOLA, BLACKCURRANT SEED,
SOME FUNGI AND THEIR SEED OILS)
EPA MAKES PG 3 AND LT 5
-VASODILATORY-STRAW TO FIRE HOSE
(DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE)
-ANTI PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
-EPA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY
-DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
- (DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
DHA
-DHA DECREASES AA IN BODY PHOSPHOLIPIDS
-DECREASED PG 2 AND LT 4
-DECREASED VASOCONSTRICTORY
-DECREASED FIREHOSE TO STRAW
-(DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE)
-DECREASED PRO-PLATELET AGGREGATORY
-DECREASED PRO-INFLAMMATORY
ALA- ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID (18:3 n-3) OR (18:3 3)
EPA- EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (20:5 n-3) OR (20:5 3)
DHA- DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (22:6 n-3) OR (22:6 3)
EPA AND DHA ARE FOUND IN FISH, FISH OILS, AND
MARINE MAMMALS AND THEIR OILS
5
A)rheumatoid arthritis
pathology
diet
ELIMINATION THERAPY
6
7
Rheumatoid arthritis continued
Elimination diet
dong diet-simple foods (seafood, veggies, and rice
while eliminating additives, preservatives, red meat,
herbs, dairy products, spices, carbonated drinks and
ethanol)
8
Arthritis and diet continued
Elimination therapy
no difference between dong and placebo diets
for RA patients-other dietary elimination studies
have come up with the same thing
role of diet in RA is controversial because
existing studies do not give clear cut result
9
ARTHRITIS CONTINUED
Functional foods
fish-doesn’t work
-no other proven examples
of functional foods
10
Arthritis continued
Nutraceuticals
evening primrose oil
borage oil
black currant oil
fish oil
11
b) Eczema
Pathology
food allergy or RA associated diet
solution-remove food allergen
from diet
for RA associated diet - no proven
dietary approach known 12
Eczema continued
functional foods
fish-a problem
no other proven functional food
nutraceuticals
evening primrose oil
borage oil
black currant oil
fish oil
13
Cancer
pathology
diet
saturated fat does not cause cancer but
promotes once it gets started- not conclusive
but reduce saturated fat
14
Cancer continued
Functional foods
flax-lignans-SDGsecoisolariciresinol diglycoside
Nutraceuticals
phytosterols
15
Obesity
Pathology
Diet
-reduce total fat intake
Functional foods
Nutraceuticals
16
Dietary fat recommendations- p 154
•
•
•
•
•
increased oleic acid intake and low in saturated and
trans fats, and cholesterol
total fat-20-35 % of total energy intake-only above 30 %
of total calories if consume increased amounts of oleic
acid and with low saturated and trans fat intake(CFG)
saturated fat-10 % of total energy intake maximum
linoleic acid- 5-10 % of total energy intake-essential
fatty acid
alpha-linolenic acid- 0.6-1.2 % of daily calories- ALA
is an essential fatty acid
17
Dietary fat recommendations
cholesterol-300 mg /day max in persons not at risk
of clinically significant atherosclerosis
eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and grains
18
What is new in lipid research?
Tilakavati Karupaiah and Kalyana Sundram
Modulation of human postprandial lipemia
by changing ratios of polyunsaturated to
saturated (P/S) fatty acid content of blended
dietary fats: a cross-over design with
repeated measures
Nutrition Journal 2013,
12:122 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-122
19
What is new in lipid research?
Nutrition Journal 2013, 12:122 doi:10.1186/1475-289112-122
Prolonged post-prandial lipemia (elevated plasma
triglyceride concentrations) poses significant risks for
heart attack in terms of elevated plasma concentrations of
chylomicron triglycerides and lowered HDL-c.
Compared to higher polyunsaturated:saturated (P:S) fatty
acid diets, a low P:S diet gave the best increase in postprandial HDL-c levels but low dietary P:S ratios caused
an upward trend (non-significant) in post-prandial total
plasma triglyceride levels. So caution regarding P:S20ratios
until there are more definitive results!!