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ESSAYS DUE AT 11:30 AM IN CLASS ON
16 MARCH 2016 –NOTHING CLINICAL
AND NOTHING RELATING TO PATHOLOGY
NO DEFICIENCIES OR TOXICITIES
Final exam-120 multiple choice-120 marks
from vitamins to end of course
-4 short answer questions-15 points
each for a total of 60 points
covers whole course
-3 hours- 180 marks
•PLEASE SEE EXAM REGULATIONS
ON: faculty.cbu.ca/ebarre
Beta carotene-fat soluble
Lecture 10b- 14 March 2016
This lecture is based largely on Chapter 7, 12, 14,
15,16 in Understanding Normal and Clinical
Nutrition by Rolfes et al.
Lectures 10ab- 14 March 2016
Outline
Water
-role in metabolism
-role in metabolic regulation
Outline of lectures 10ab
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Pregnancy and Lactation
Infancy
Early Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Pregnancy and Lactation
Lactation
Nutrition during lactation
mother's nutrient needs
energy
additional 450 kcal per day consumedrest comes from fat stores built up
during pregnancy
figure 14-10
Fig. 14-10, p. 489
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
energy and nutrient needs
energy
infants require about 100 kcal/kg/day
protein
inadequate-consequences
too much-stress kidneys and liver
figure 15-2
Fig. 15-2, p. 517
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
breast milk
lactose improves calcium
absorption
omega 3 fatty acids
figure 15-3
Fig. 15-3, p. 518
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
infant formula
nothing beats breast milk
soya formulas-avoids allergy issue found
with some non-soya
formulas
- good for lactose intolerance
as there is no lactose in soya
formulas
avoid goats milk-low in folate
table 15-2
figure 15-4
Table 15-2, p. 519
Fig. 15-4, p. 521
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
special needs of pre-term infants
poor absorption of calcium and lipid,
fat soluble vitamins, calcium, iron
and zinc due to immature gut
solution-pre-term breast milk
eg higher protein
concentration than
full term breast
milk
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
introducing cow's milk
not until 12 months of age
poor iron content and it may cause
intestinal bleeding
cows milk is higher in calcium and
lower in vitamin C-thus inhibiting
iron absorption
type 1 diabetes issue-this is
controversial
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
introducing solid foods
no earlier than 6 months
6-12 months
if not before end of first year there
may be delayed growth
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
introducing solid foods
6-12 months
iron fortified cereals, meat or meat
alternatives such as legumes
-serve with vitamin C to
improve iron absorption
-vitamin C rich foods
include citrus fruit juices
and chopped berries
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Infancy
introducing solid foods
at one year-2-3.5 cups of milk
maximum to avoid displacement of
iron rich foods plus give iron
fortified cereals, fruits and
vegetables to meet iron
requirements
primary food in first 12 months ideally
is breast milk
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Early Childhood
energy and nutrient needs
energy
1 year 1000 kcal/day
3 years-1300 kcal/day
10 years-2000 kcal/day
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Early Childhood
energy and nutrient needs
nutrient needs
protein-needs dictated by needs to
maintain nitrogen balance, protein
quality and added needs of growth
vitamins and minerals-met by 6
principles of dietary
planning(adequacy, moderation,
balance, variety, energy control
and avoiding empty kcal foods)
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Early Childhood
hunger and malnutrition in children
glucose and iron are critical to brain
functioning and subsequently to the
child's behaviour
adverse reactions to foods
must meet nutrient needs of child
childhood obesity
excess energy intake relative to energy
expenditure
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Early Childhood
mealtimes at home
-6 principles of good dietary planning
nutrition at school
-pack lunches
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adolescence
energy and nutrient needs
energy-2000-4000 kcal/day
activity levels
males need more than females
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adolescence
nutrients
vitamin D and calcium
iron
chronic diseases
atherosclerosis
type 2 diabetes
hypertension
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adulthood
as we age in adulthood we reduce our
metabolic rate- therefore need to
reduce caloric intake while
meeting the 6 principles of
good dietary
planning that adequately
address changing nutrient
intake requirements
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adulthood
water- avoid dehydration-mobility and
desire to consume water are issues
here
protein- 0.8 g/kg/day
carbohydrate- increased fibre to offset
constipation- also need more fluid
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adulthood
vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium as well as
iron are among the nutrients of primary
concern
vitamin B12 -bacterial overgrowth-in
stomach results in vitamin B12
consumption by bacteria
vitamin D and calcium -a concern due to
reduced dairy intake as we
age as well as the risk of
osteoporosis
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adulthood
vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium as well as
iron are among the nutrients of primary
concern
iron- deficiency risk if low food energy
intakes-mobility and desire to
consume food are issues here
Nutrition metabolism throughout the life cycle
Adulthood
nutrient-brain relationships-table 16-2
Table 16-2, p. 574