Download Foods for Good Nutrition - 6thgrade

Foods for
Good
Nutrition
Ms. Kathy Castillo
6th A
Lesson 1: Food – Fuel for the Body
• Your body is a little like a car. A car
needs fuel to run, and so do you.
While most cars use gasoline as
fuel, the human body uses food.
Burning fuel releases energy the car
uses to run. A car doesn´t need to
change gasoline into another form
in order to release this energy. Your
body is different. It must digest, or
break down, food before it can use
the nutrients food contains.
• Nutrients are substances in food that provide your body
with energy and provide building material the body needs
for growth, repair, and daily activities.
• Breaking down food is your digestive system´s main
function. When your digestive system breaks down food,
it releases several kinds of nutrients. These include
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Carbohydrates and Fats
• Most of the energy your body needs comes from
nutrients called carbohydrates. The carbohydrates
we eat most are sugars and starches.
*Starches are made by many sugars linked together.
• The nutrients that contain the most energy are fats.
• Plants, animals, and people store excess energy
as fats.
Proteins
• You can thank nutrients called proteins for
most of the growth you have had. Proteins are
the building blocks of your body. Your body
uses proteins to build and repair cells.
• Meat, fish, eggs, and milk products are all good
protein sources. Dried beans and peas, nuts,
and grains also contain proteins.
Vitamins and Minerals
•
There are other nutrients that your
body needs in smaller amounts.
Vitamins are nutrients that help your
body perform specific functions. They
are essential to life.
Vitamins help your body:
1. Use other nutrients
2. Keep strong and healthy
*Your body does not make most
vitamins. It has to get them from
foods you eat.
• Minerals are another kind of
nutrient, helping your body to
grow and work.
Minerals help:
1. keep your bones and teeth
strong,
2. your body release energy from
food
3. keep your cells working well.
Water and Fiber
• Water is the nutrient your body needs most.
You need water to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Digest food
Transport nutrients to your cells
Build new cells
Keep your body temperature stable
Remove carbon dioxide, salts and other wastes from your body
You get some of the water from the foods you eat, but you get most of
the water you need from drinks like water, milk, and juice. To stay
healthy, most people need six to eight glasses of water each day.
•
•
Fiber is another part of a healthful diet. Your body needs fiber to help
move other foods through the digestive system.
Fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains are high in fiber.
Lesson 2: The Food Guide
Pyramid
• The Food Guide Pyramid is a tool that
groups foods with similar nutrients and
shows how many servings from each food
group the average person should have
each day.
• You can use the Food Guide Pyramid to
help you plan a balanced diet.
Lesson 3: Eating Healthfully
• To stay healthy, a person needs to eat only as many
servings as his or her body needs each day.
• Portion control means limiting the number of
servings you eat and the sizes of the servings.
• Eating more or fewer servings than your body
needs can be unhealthful.
• Being greatly overweight as an adult is called obesity.
Obesity can double the chances of getting diseases
such as diabetes and heart disease.
• Obesity isn´t the only problem related to portion
control. As they grow, many teenage girls think they
are overweight, whether they really are or not. To
avoid gaining weight, some eat smaller or fewer
servings than their bodies need to stay healthy.
• About 5% of young women develop a serious eating
disorder called anorexia. Anorexia is excessive dieting
and, at times, self-starvation. Starvations means not
eating at all.
• Anorexia causes poor general health, low blood
pressure, heart problems, bone weakness, and even
death.
Energy Balance
•
To keep your body at a healthy weight, you must balance the calories
you take in with the calories you use up. Calories are a measure of the
amount of energy in a food.
•
All three nutrient groups—carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—contain
calories.
• The ideal, called energy balance, is to take in the same number of
calories as you use.
• Energy balance keeps you from gaining weight or losing weight.
*The best way to keep your body at a
healthy weight is to combine good
eating habits with regular exercise.
Lesson 4: Influences on Food Choices
Factors that influence
what
foods you choose to eat:
• Family
• Culture
• Seasons
• Health
• Cost
• Unit price
• Emotions
• Advertisements
Lesson 5: Food Labels and
Advertising
• Food labels and advertising can influence the choices
you make when you are selecting foods.
• Reading food labels and analyzing advertisements
can help you make healthful food choices.
• You find a Nutrition Facts
label on every packaged food.
• Some of the information it
provides:
1.
2.
3.
Ingredients: are all the things
that make up a food.
Additives: are things food
manufacturers add to foods,
such as sugar, salt or food
coloring.
Preservatives: are chemicals
added to foods to keep them
from spoiling.
*It is important to read the label
if you are on a special diet or
are allergic to any foods.
Lesson 6: Food Preparation and
Safety
• Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating
foods containing harmful germs.
• Germs get into foods from soil, water, air, and
people who haven´t washed their hands. Germs
also spread from one food to another.
• Food poisoning can cause stomach cramps,
nausea, and diarrhea. Some forms of food
poisoning are very dangerous and can even cause
death.
Proper Storage Keeps Foods Safe
•
Germs are everywhere. You can´t get rid
of them all. The important thing is not to
let germs multiply. When germs in food
multiply, the food starts to to look odd,
smell unusual, and taste bad. It has
spoiled. The way to keep foods from
spoiling is to store them correctly.
•
Germs multiply rapidly at room
temperature but more slowly at low
temperature.
•
Different foods spoil at different rates.
•
Freezing foods keeps them safe much
longer.
Prepare a Safe Meal!
• To
prevent
food
poisoning when you
prepare
food,
remember these four
rules:
1. Clean, clean, clean!
2. Separate—don´t
contaminate!
3. Refrigerate properly!
4. Cook thoroughly!