Download NUTRITION Power Point Day 1

NUTRITION
UNIT EQ:
How does nutrition affect my
overall well-being?
OBESITY & DISEASE FACTS
 We
are in a crisis. Obesity is becoming
the defining disease of our generation.
Recently, the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) testified to
Congress the rapid increases in obesity
and the unrelenting high rates of physical
inactivity, type II diabetes, and low
fruit/vegetable consumption no longer
permit the nation to ignore these risk
factors as serious public health problems.
THE FACTS

N.C. has the 5th
highest rate of
overweight & obese
youth.

More than 1 in every
3 children in N.C. is
overweight or obese.
THE FACTS
Over ½ of N.C.’s
children are physically
inactive and therefore,
600 times more likely to
develop heart disease
as adults.
 Comparisons show that
it is the same student
groups that are most at
risk for childhood
diabetes, other
childhood health issues,
& cardiovascular
diseases, which are not
performing on academic
tests.

THE FACTS


These overweight or
obese children are also
absent from school
significantly more than
normal-weight children.
Overweight children have
a 70% chance of being
overweight as adults –
facing higher risks for
many diseases such as
heart disease, diabetes,
stroke, & several types of
cancers.
DAY 1
Lesson Essential Question
What are nutrients and why are
they important to my body?
Think About It!
“I don’t eat breakfast in the mornings.
Instead I just grab something from the
vending machine. I usually buy
lunch from the cafeteria. Many of my
friends talk about trying to eat healthy, but
I figure that as long as I get something to
eat, I should be okay.”
DEFINITIONS
– the substances in food that
your body needs to function properly.
 Digestion – the process of breaking down
food into a form your body can use.
 Diet – a pattern of eating that includes
what a person eats, how much a person
eats, and how often a person eats.
 Nutrients
The Importance of Nutrition
Personal fitness requires positive lifestyle
choices including physical activity and
healthful eating.
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Healthful Eating
Terms to Know
Good nutrition involves eating
a variety of healthful foods.
Nutrition
The study of food
and how your body
uses the
substances in
food.
Nutrients
Substances in food
that your body
needs for energy,
proper growth,
body maintenance,
and functioning.
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Dietary Supplements
Term to Know
Vitamins and minerals are
available in dietary
supplement form.
Dietary
supplement
A nonfood form
of one or more
nutrients.
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Healthful Eating
Your body’s energy needs
are measured in calories.
Term to Know
Calorie
The amount of
energy needed
to raise the
temperature of 1
kilogram (about
a quart) of water
1 degree
Celsius.
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Kinds of Nutrients

Water

Carbohydrates

Vitamins

Fats

Minerals

Proteins
Water
Drinking water is essential for these
reasons:
 It regulates body temperature.
 It carries nutrients to cells.
 It aids in digestion and elimination.
 It is key to many bodily chemical reactions.
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WATER








You use H2O to carry
nutrients and waste products
throughout your body.
H2O helps your body keep a
constant temperature.
Makes up 50-75% of body.
Loss of 3-4% affects aerobic
performance.
Should drink before & during
exercise.
H2O surrounds your joints &
keeps them moving smoothly.
You should drink 8 to 10
glass of water a day.
If you don’t replace H2O that
your body loses, you can
have DEHYDRATION.
Micronutrients
Because vitamins and minerals
are nutrients needed in tiny
amounts, they are known as
micronutrients.
Vitamins don’t contain calories, so
they don’t provide energy.
Term to Know
Vitamins
Micronutrients
that help control
body processes
and help your
body release
energy to do
work.
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Micronutrients
Vitamins are classified in two ways:
 Fat-soluble vitamins (including A, D, E,
and K) can be stored in the body.
 Water-soluble vitamins (including C and
B complex) are not stored in your body.
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Micronutrients
Some vitamins and minerals
exhibit antioxidant properties.
They protect cells from injury and
reduce the risk of cancer, heart
disease, and premature aging.
Term to Know
Antioxidant
Substances that
protect body
cells, including
those of the
immune
system, from
damage.
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VITAMINS

- are organic compounds
that control several body
functions.
 Sources = fresh
vegetables, fruits, nuts,
& dairy products.
 Fat-soluble = vitamins
A,D,E,K
 Water –soluble =
vitamins C,B-1,2,6,12
Micronutrients
Minerals such as calcium,
potassium, sodium, and iron,
help your body function.
Like vitamins, minerals do not
contain calories or supply your
body with energy.
Term to Know
Minerals
Substances that
the body cannot
manufacture but
that are needed
for forming
healthy bones
and teeth and
for regulating
many vital body
processes.
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Micronutrients
Minerals help your body function.
 Calcium helps build and maintain strong bones.
 Potassium aids in normal muscle contractions and
in
the sending of nerve impulses that control the
movement of muscles.
 Sodium helps maintain the fluid balance inside and
outside cells and helps nerve impulse transmission.
 Iron is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells,
which carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells.
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MINERALS






= elements that are essential
for good health.
Minerals play very important
roles in keeping your body
healthy.
2 classes – major minerals &
trace elements
Ca (Calcium), Mg,
Phosphorus, Iron, Fluoride,
Zinc, Potassium
Calcium & Phosphorus =
strong bones.
Sodium & Potassium help
regulate blood pressure.
Micronutrients
Calcium, potassium, and sodium are
minerals that are classified as electrolytes.
Electrolytes help maintain normal heart
rhythm and control the body’s fluid balance.
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Calcium / type of mineral

Used to make strong
bones & teeth.
 Deficiency in the diet
can lead to
osteoporosis.
 Females are more
susceptible to
osteoporosis.
Iron / type of mineral

Women need more
than men.
 Iron from meat is
absorbed better than
from veggies.
 Anemia is the disease
from deficiency of
iron.
Sodium / type of mineral

Problem is normally
too much instead of
not enough.
 Too much can cause
hypertension in
genetically
susceptible people.
 In athletics sodium
must be replaced due
to loss from sweat.
Nutrients for Energy
There are three energy sources,
all of which are nutrients.
Term to Know
Carbohydrates
The starches
and sugars found
in food.
Carbohydrates are the body’s
chief source of energy.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are classified as:
 Simple carbohydrates



These are sugars found in fruits, candy, cookies
and soda.
They provide quick energy.
Complex carbohydrates


These are starches found in vegetables like corn
and potatoes, as well as breads, cereals, pastas,
rice, and dry beans.
They provide sustained energy.
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Carbohydrates

= a chemical composed
of one or more simple
sugars.
 2 categories – sugars &
starches(Simple) &
fiber(Complex)
 Sugars & starches make
up a big part of diet for
energy sources. Sugar
however needs to be
taken in moderately.
 Fiber - found in plants;
used to help move along
digestion
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Carbohydrates
If a person takes in more
carbohydrates than their
body
can use for energy or store
as glycogen, the excess
glucose is stored as
adipose tissue.
Term to Know
Adipose tissue
Body fat.
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Carbohydrates
Dietary fiber is not digestible
in humans and thus provides
no calories.
Term to Know
Dietary fiber
A special
subclass of
complex
carbohydrates
that has several
functions,
including aiding
the body in
digestion.
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Nutrients for Energy
There are three energy sources,
all of which are nutrients.
Fats, or lipids, are another type of
nutrient that provide energy.
Term to Know
Fats
Substances that
supply a
concentrated
form of energy
and help
transport other
nutrients to
locations in the
body where they
are needed.
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Fats
The positive properties of fats:
Fats supply twice the energy of a gram of carbohydrate or
protein.
Fats transport and absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K.
Fats help regulate the hormone testosterone, which is used to
build body tissue.
Fats enhance the flavor and texture of foods
Fats help satisfy huger because they take longer to digest.
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Fats
The negative properties of fats:
Eating too many fats can clog arteries and lead to heart disease.
Eating too many fats can lead to certain types of cancer.
Fat that is not used as energy is stored as adipose tissue.
Excess body fat can lead to unhealthful weight gain and obesity.
Excess fat can lead to type 2 diabetes.
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Fats
Fats are classified into three basic types:
Saturated
Fatty Acids
Trans
Fatty Acids
Unsaturated
Fatty Acids
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Fats
Term to Know
Saturated fatty acids are found in
many foods, including fatty meats,
cheese, ice cream, whole milk,
palm oil, and coconut oil.
Saturated fatty
acids
Fats that come
mainly from
animal fats,
including butter
and lard, and
are often solid
at room
temperature.
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Fats
Term to Know
Trans fatty acids are in processed
foods such as margarine and
shortening.
They can often be identified by the
words partially hydrogenated in the
list of ingredients.
Trans fatty
acids
Fats that are
formed when
certain oils are
processed into
solids.
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Fats
Term to Know
Unsaturated fatty acids include
corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil,
sunflower oil, and some fish oils.
Unsaturated
fatty acids
Fats that are
usually liquid at
room
temperature and
come mainly
from plant
sources.
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Fats
Saturated fats and trans fat
contain cholesterol.
Cholesterol circulates through the
bloodstream in fat-protein
“packages” called lipoproteins.
Term to Know
Cholesterol
A fatlike
substance that is
produced in the
liver and
circulates in the
blood.
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Fats
Terms to Know
There are two types of
lipoproteins.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)
A type of compound
that carries
cholesterol from the
liver to areas of the
body where it is
needed.
High-density
lipoprotein (HDL)
A type of compound
that picks up excess
cholesterol and
returns it to the liver.
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Fats
Fats should make up about 20% to 30% of
your daily calories.
To reduce your fat intake:
Limit your use of solid fats.
Choose fat-free or low-fat products.
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Fats

= nutrients that store
energy and store
some vitamins.
 Can be found in solid
(butter) or liquid
(salad dressing / oils)
form.
 2 kinds of cholesterol
– LDL (bad) & HDL
(good)
Nutrients for Energy
There are three energy sources,
all of which are nutrients.
Proteins serve as a secondary
source of energy.
Term to Know
Proteins
Nutrients that
help build,
maintain, and
repair body
tissues.
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Protein
Protein is a component of bones,
connective tissue, skin, blood, and vital
organs.
Your body needs protein to:
grow, repair, and maintain itself
help fight disease
supply energy
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Protein
There are 22 different amino
acids.
Term to Know
Amino acids
The building
blocks of
proteins.
Your body can manufacture all but
nine. These are called essential
amino acids because you must
get them from the foods you eat.
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Protein
There are two types of proteins found in foods:

Complete proteins contain all nine
essential amino acids.


Animal products such as meats and dairy
products are sources of complete
proteins.
Incomplete proteins lack one or more
of the essential amino acids.

With the exception of soybeans, plant
foods are incomplete proteins.
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Protein
Vegetarians must eat a variety
of plant-based foods and dairy
products to ensure an
adequate intake of complete
proteins.
Term to Know
Vegetarians
Individuals who
eliminate meat,
fish, and poultry
from their eating
plans.
Vegans are vegetarians who also
eliminate eggs and dairy products
from their diets.
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Protein

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= nutrients that are used
for building, maintaining,
and repairing tissues and
cells.
Help protect the body
from germs that cause
sickness.
Is essential due to
containing the 9 essential
amino acids which help to
make tissues, enzymes
and hormones.
Amino Acids helps build &
repair your tissues.
Review / Closing
The 6 Classes of Essential Nutrients
1.
Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water
Sources of the 6 Nutrients
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Carbohydrates – honey, fruits, rice, bread, pasta, brown
rice, whole wheat bread
Proteins – Chicken, fish, pork, beef, beans, nuts, tofu,
cheese, eggs, soy milk
Fats – Cooking oils, salad dressings, butter, sour cream,
cream cheese, ice cream, potato chips, also found in
desserts, (solid fats found in beef & pork)
Vitamins – almost all foods contain some vitamins;
whole grains, meats, fruits, vegetables, dairy products
Minerals – Milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines, tofu, spinach,
blackeyed peas, red meat
Water – Other than drinking water, it is also found in
fruits & vegetables