Download Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure

Hypertension
and Congestive
Heart Failure
Eugene Fong
Cintia Aquino
Alana Pearson
Hypertension
• medical condition where the blood pressure
is chronically elevated .
• persistent hypertension is one of the risk
factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart
failure, and is a leading cause of chronic
renal failure.
• A number of environmental factors can
contribute to the development of
hypertension, including salt intake, obesity,
occupation, alcohol intake, family size,
excessive noise exposure.
What is high blood pressure?
• High blood pressure is a blood pressure that is
140/90 mmHg or above each time it is taken. That is,
the blood pressure is 'sustained' at 140/90 mmHg or
above. High blood pressure can be:
– just a high systolic pressure, for example, 170/70 mmHg.
– just a high diastolic pressure, for example, 120/104 mmHg.
– or both, for example, 170/110 mmHg.
• However, it is not quite as simple as this. Depending
on various factors, the level at which blood pressure
is considered high enough to be treated with
medication can vary from person to person.
• Hypertension can be classified as either
essential or secondary.
• Essential hypertension is the term used
when no specific medical cause can
be found to explain a patient's
condition.
• Secondary hypertension means that
the high blood pressure is a result of (i.e.
secondary to) another condition, such
as kidney disease or certain tumors.
How can you reduce the need
for drug treatment?
• Salt restriction has been shown to
reduce the need for drug therapy in
hypertension.
• This seems to occur with or without
weight reduction.
• The problem most patients have is
maintaining a low salt diet over time.
Diet Limitations for
Hypertension Patients
• Fiber
– A high-fiber diet has been shown to be effective in
preventing and treating many forms of cardiovascular
disease, including hypertension.
• Sugar
– Sucrose, common table sugar, elevates blood pressure.
Underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. It is
possible that sugar increases the production of adrenaline,
which in turn, increases blood vessel constriction and
sodium retention.
• Take a diet that is rich in high potassium foods
(vegetables and fruits) and essential fatty acids.
• Beneficial Vegetables
– Celery, garlic, onions, tomatoes, broccoli, carrots
Vegetarian Diets
• Vegetarians, in general, have lower blood
pressure levels and a lower incidence of
hypertension and other cardiovascular
diseases.
• Experts postulate that a typical vegetarian's
diet contains more potassium, complex
carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fat, fiber,
calcium, magnesium, vitamin C and vitamin
A, all of which may have a favorable
influence on blood pressure.
Congestive Heart Failure
• Congestive heart failure (CHF), or heart
failure, is a condition in which the heart
can't pump enough blood to the body's
other organs.
• This can result from
– narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart
muscle  coronary artery disease.
– past heart attack, or myocardial infarction, with
scar tissue that interferes with the heart muscle's
normal work.
– high blood pressure.