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Pregnant Mother Infant and Childhood Nutrition Pregnancy • Calorie adjustments for pregnancy are needed to support growth of the fetus. • 300 extra calories/day during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Pregnancy • Generally add one extra serving from each of the food groups. • Protein needs are about 10 extra grams/day to support growth and development. Weight Gain During Pregnancy • 1 lb/month during the first three months and about 1 lb/week thereafter for a total of about 25 35 lb. Special Vitamin and Mineral needs during pregnancy • Folate – – is involved in blood production and cell growth. – Deficiencies have been associated with neural tube defects. – Supplementation is recommended for pregnancy at 400 micrograms/day during child-bearing years. Food sources of Folate Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron • Vitamin D 10 micrograms/day non pregnant adult RDA = 5 micrograms Calcium – 1200 -1500 mg/day non pregnant adult RDA = 1000 mg/day Iron – 30mg/day instead of 15 mg/day You can encourage young children to eat a variety of foods by….. Preschool children should be offered a snack when…. The kind of snacks that should be offered to preschool childre include….. Infant Nutrition • Breastfeeding, (preferred and recommended), or formula supply nutrients for the infant. • Start to introduce solid foods at about 6 mths. • Energy needs start at about 1000 cal/day at age one and increase gradually (100 calories per year) to about 2000 cal at age 10. Childhood Nutrition • Children’s eating patterns are sporadic and usually follow periods of rapid growth. • After the age of one, a child’s growth rate slows and with it, the appetite; Preschool Children • Sweets should be limited in a preschool child’s diet; nutrient-rich foods can be used to satisfy hunger. • Children develop tastes for certain foods at an early age. • The eating habits and attitudes children learn are likely to last a lifetime. • It is important to start healthy • eating habits early. Some suggestions to help encourage young children to eat a variety of foods are: • Invite a friend to eat; you’ll be amazed how much they eat when their friends are eating. • When introducing a new food, refer to it as a grown-up food. Serve it to the child only if he or she requests it after seeing how much you enjoy it. • Serve young children’s meals on their own small-sized dishes. Give them tiny servings, so they can have satisfaction of eating everything on the plate. Some suggestions to encourage young children to eat a variety of foods are: • • • Serve finger foods often. Children like to choose from a variety of foods, as in a buffet. Children will usually eat the foods they have helped prepare. Vary meal situations - picnic in front of the fireplace, park, etc. • Children usually prefer raw vegetables to cooked. • Avoid making dessert a reward for vegetable eating. • Relax and let mealtime be a time for everyone to enjoy. • Use snacks to improve food habits. Some children need snacks • Some children have the capacity to go easily from one meal to the next without hunger. • Others actually experience real hunger within two to three hours after eating, especially if they are growing rapidly. • If no nutritious snack is offered, this hunger may eventually be satisfied by soft drinks, candy, or other nonnutritious food. • Timing is important; a snack should be offered when children are hungry but not so close to mealtime that it spoils their appetites for the next meal. Children • Serving sizes/ portions for children are SMALLER than adults. Generally, 1 TBSP. of a variety of foods per year of age. • Children need a VARIETY of nutrient-dense foods in small amounts, FREQUENTLY. • Expose children to new foods one at a time, not all at ONCE. • Children’s taste buds are very SENSITIVE. • Avoid SWEET foods as snacks. • Make foods interesting and inviting for children; color, texture, shape, size and temperature Children Menu and Aesthetic Values Menu week: _____ Food Item Pan Cake Or. Juice Sausage Choc Milk Toast Color Day of the Week: _______ Textur Size e Shape Temp. Brown Orange Brown Brown Brown Summary: Color is mostly brown; more colors could be used. Texture is all soft; something crunchy should be added. Planning ahead • Means deciding which of the nutrients you want to provide. • Have nutritious snacks down at their level so they can get to them easily. Snacks can supplement meals • Add protein • Add Vitamin C and A • Raw vs cooked Make eating FUN • Children like to feed themselves just like everything else. • Shape food in unique ways with cookie cutters. • Draw or make faces