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Osteoporosis
Olivia Owusu-Boakyewaah, MSW, QMHP, PhD.
Social Gerontologist / Mental Health Practitioner
What is a Gerontology?
 Gerontology is the study of aging and its related illnesses.
Gerontologists study diseases of older adults. We study the
physical, mental, and social changes in people as they age and
determine distinctions between normal aging as opposed to aging
related to diseases. We also explore why older adults are
increasingly vulnerable to disease and disability.
Aging and the Life Span
 Lifespan is the length of life for a human.
 If you live to age 99, that would be your lifespan
 The maximum lifespan for humans, reported in 2010, was
122.5 years for females and 116 years for males.
 Researchers are finding that lifespan may be influenced by
external factors, as well.
Factors Contributing to Lifespan
Factors….
 Genes –
genetic make up of what we inherit for
our parents and family history
 Environment –
The circumstances or
conditions that surround us.
 Behavior traits – Things we do that distinguish one
individual from another. Food
choices, exercise etc.
What is aging?
• Aging includes all the changes that occur over the course of
life. We are born, we grow, we develop, we reach maturity
and we age.
• To the young, aging is exciting because it leads to more
independence.
• By middle age, we begin to see changes like gray hair and
wrinkles. This is the time when we begin to notice a fair
amount of physical decline.
What is aging? (cont’d)
 Even though we know that some physical decline may be part
of normal aging, getting older can come with a variety of
health challenges.
 Some of these challenges include bone loss in the body.
Bones in the Body
 After our mid-30s, we begin to slowly lose bone mass. Women lose
bone mass faster after menopause than men.
Osteoporosis: The Bone Thief
• There are several kinds of bone disease. The most common is
osteoporosis.
• What is Osteoporosis - Osteoporosis is a disease that
weakens bones to the point where they break easily—most
often bones in the hip, backbone (spine), and wrist.
• Osteoporosis is called the "silent disease"—because you may
not notice any changes until a bone breaks. All the while,
though, your bones had been losing strength for many years.
Decline in Bone as We Age
Normal Bone /Bone with Osteoporosis
Normal Bone
Bone With
Osteoporosis
Bone Density
• Silently and without warning, bones may begin to weaken
early in life if you do not have a healthy diet and the right
kinds of physical activity.
• Many people already have weak bones and don’t know it.
Others are making choices that will weaken their bones later.
• This can be fatal.
• Fragile bones are not painful at first. Unfortunately, most
people don’t realize they have weakened bones until one
breaks. By that time, it is hard to make the bones strong
again.
How is osteoporosis related to
menopause?
 There is a direct relationship between the lack of estrogen after menopause and
the development of osteoporosis. After menopause, bone breakdown outpaces
the building of new bone. Early menopause (before age 45) and any prolonged
periods in which hormone levels are low and menstrual periods are absent or
infrequent can cause loss of bone mass.
How is osteoporosis related to
menopause? (Cont’d)
 When a woman reaches menopause, her estrogen levels drop and can lead to
bone loss. For some women, this bone loss is rapid and severe.
 Two major factors that affect your chance of getting osteoporosis are:
 The amount of bone you have when you reach menopause.The
greater your bone density is to begin with, the lower your chance of developing
osteoporosis. If you had low peak bone mass or other risk factors that caused
you to lose bone, your chance of getting osteoporosis is greater.
 How fast you lose bone after you reach menopause. For some women,
bone loss happens faster than for others. In fact, a woman can lose up to 20% of
her bone density during the five - seven years following menopause. If you lose
bone quickly, you have a greater chance of developing osteoporosis.
Who is at risk?
•
Anyone can get osteoporosis,
•
Women are more likely to get it than men.
•
You may be more likely to get it if you:
•
are over age 50 or as you age
•
Have a family history of broken bones or osteoporosis
•
smoking
•
have a low body weight and body frame
•
do not get enough exercise
•
drink alcohol (more than 3 drinks/day)
•
take certain medicines for a long time like seizure medicines or steroids
•
Have broken a bone while an adult
•
Had surgery to remove their ovaries before their periods stopped
•
Had early menopause
•
Have not gotten enough calcium throughout their lives
•
Had extended bed rest
Data on Osteoporosis?
• It is reported that ten million Americans have osteoporosis.
They are mostly women.
How do I know if I have osteoporosis?
----- DIAGNOSIS ------• There are tests that use either x-rays or sound waves to
measure bone density. These tests are painless.
• Ask your doctor if you should be tested.
• X-ray tests, called DXA scans, examine your spine, hip, or
wrist. DXA scans use very few x-ray waves.
• Newer sound wave tests, called ultrasounds, test your heel.
How Do I prevent Osteoporosis?
 You can prevent the risk of having
Osteoporosis by engaging in the following:
 Physical Activities
 Diet
 Vitamins.
Physical Activities
 Why being active makes your bones strong
 When you jump, run, or lift a weight, it puts stress on your
bones. This sends a signal to your body that your bones need
to be made stronger.
New cells are added to strengthen your bones. If you are
right-handed, the bones in your right arm are slightly larger
and stronger from the extra use and vice versa
Physical Activities
Physical activity at least 30
minutes every day
Strength training 2-3 times a
week
Balance training once a week
Diet
 Bone Up On Your Diet
 Calcium
 To keep your bones strong, eat foods rich in calcium.
Diet - Cont’d
 Calcium is found in foods like milk, leafy
green vegetables, and soybeans. Enjoy
snacks of yogurt and cheese to increase your
calcium.You can also take calcium
supplements or eat food specially fortified
with calcium.
Vitamins
• Vitamin D which comes from the sun, helps our body
absorb calcium. As you grow older, our need for vitamin
D goes up.
• For many, especially seniors, getting enough vitamin D
from sunshine is not practical.
• Make sure you get enough vitamin D from our diet,
sunshine, or supplements
Vitamins
Suggested Foods
Calcium
Vitamin D
 Spinach
 Fatty fish, like tuna, mackerel, and
 Kale
 Okra

 Collards
 Soy beans
 White beans
 Some fish, like sardines, salmon,
perch, and rainbow trout
 Foods that are calcium fortified,
such as some orange juice, oatmeal,
and breakfast cereal



salmon
Foods fortified with vitamin D, like
some dairy products, orange juice,
soy milk, and cereals
Beef liver
Cheese
Egg yolks
Treating Osteoporosis
 There is NO cure for osteoporosis. However, there are things
you can do to slow it down.
 Talk to your doctor to make a plan to keep your bones
healthy.
Prescription Medicines
• There are prescription medicines that you can take. These
medicines come as a pill, a patch or a shot (injection). Talk to
your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before you stop taking
medicine.
Dietary Supplements
 Dietary supplements are products that people add to their
diets.
 They include vitamins, powders, energy bars and herbs.
 Talk to your doctor before you take any dietary supplements.
These may affect your other medicines and make you sick.
Lifestyle Changes
• There are lifestyle changes you can make to lower your risk
•
•
•
•
for osteoporosis.
Stay physically active. Do weight bearing exercise like
walking.
Do not smoke.
Limit alcohol use.
Get enough calcium and vitamin D in your diet.Your doctor
may suggest taking calcium and vitamin pills.
Conclusion
 Exercise, good nutrition, regular health screenings, getting
vaccines, having enough sleep, and participating in activities
you enjoy are just a few ways to promote healthy aging
 Remember the longer you will live on earth is in your hands.
God has given us the ability to live longer if we take good
care of ourselves.
The Bible and Healthy Aging
 1 Corinthians 6:19-20
Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy
Spirit within you, whom you have from God, and that you are
not your own? 20 for you were bought with a price; therefore
glorify God in your body”.
Questions
?
Sources

Website: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov

FDA Office of Women’s Health

www.fda.gov/womens

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/

Medline Plus

www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteoporosis.html

National Institute on Aging. Health Information. Publications. Age Page. Osteoporosis: The Bone
Thief. www.nia.nih.gov Accessed 3/14/2011

North American Menopause Society. Menopause Guidebook: Helping Women Make Informed
Healthcare Decisions Around Menopause and Beyond. www.menopause.org Accessed 3/14/2011

American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Publication. Patient Education:
Osteoporosis www.acog.org Accessed 3/14/2011