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Transcript
Specialized Diets
In-Service Presentation
MUSC Dietetic Interns
2011
Renal Diet


At MUSC a renal diet is ordered for patients
with kidney failure.
The kidneys play an important role in body
function:
–
–
–
–
Filtering the blood
Removing waste products
Balancing electrolytes - Sodium and Potassium
Fluid balance
Renal Diet

At MUSC renal diet patients are limited to:
–
–
–
–
2000mg Sodium
2000mg Potassium
1200mg Phosphorus
Protein intake is monitored and/or restricted on an
individual basis.
High Potassium Foods to Avoid
Fruits:
Vegetables:
Foods to Limit
Milk:
Dairy:
Protein:
Foods to Enjoy
Low Protein:
Low Sodium:
Low Potassium:
Low Phosphorus:
Soaking Potatoes
A special process called “leaching” or
soaking helps remove the potassium from
potatoes. This can be done at MUSC giving
renal patients more food choices.
Renal Sample Diet
•
Dinner
2oz grilled pork chop
½ cup rice
½ cup green beans with onion and basil
½ cup applesauce
Dinner Roll
1 cup water with lemon
Low Sodium Diet

At MUSC low sodium diets are
given to those who have
hypertension (high blood pressure),
cardiac, liver or renal disease.
o

Sodium raises blood pressure.
Low Sodium Diet = 2 grams
sodium/day.
o
Each meal can exceed the sodium
limit by 100 mg.
Why Low Sodium?


Sodium raises blood
pressure.
If untreated, high blood
pressure will eventually
damage the heart, causing:
o Stroke
o Heart attack
o Heart failure
Foods to Limit
•
•
Sodium is typically higher in processed and
convenience foods, such as:
o Ham, bacon, sausage, and other deli-style meats
o Canned vegetables
At MUSC low sodium diets do not allow:
•
•
•
Ham, Bacon, or Sausage
Soups (except reduced sodium chicken noodle)
Stir-Fry
Foods to Limit Continued…

Low sodium diets do
not allow salt packets to
be added to a meal.

If patients complain
about their “food with
no flavor,” suggest
spicing it up with:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mrs. Dash
Pepper
Lettuce
Tomatoes
Mustard
Green Peppers
Onions
Low Sodium Diet Example

Breakfast:
– Veggie Omelet
– Wheat Toast
– Fruit
– Juice
– Coffee with Sugar
and Creamer
Carbohydrate Counting
Type 1 Diabetes

What is it?
–
–

Insulin not produced in
pancreas
Must supplement with insulin
Who is at risk?
–
–
–
Only 5% of the population
Mostly children and young
adults
Genetics and environment
Type 2 Diabetes




What is it?
Increased at risk cultures:
African Americans, Native
Americans, Latino
Can have insulin resistance
OR insulin shortage
Insulin helps to absorb
glucose, so lack of it can
lead to diabetic
complications.
Carbohydrate Counting Diet




Carbs in food raise blood
sugar levels.
Level I, II, III
Limits fat, cholesterol, and
salt intake
Consuming a consistent
level of carbohydrates
avoids spikes in blood
sugar!
Foods to Monitor

Breads

Fruits/Starchy Vegetables

Dairy

Sweets
Foods to Enjoy

Non-Starchy Vegetables

Low Fat Cheeses

Eggs/Lean Meats

Dairy with No Added Sugar
Sample Meal – Level II

Lunch – 75 grams of
carbohydrates
–
–
–
1 cup vegetable soup with 4-6
crackers
1 turkey sandwich (2 slices
whole wheat bread, 1 oz turkey,
1 oz low fat cheese, 1 tsp mayo)
1 small apple
Gluten-Free Diet
What is Gluten?

Gluten is protein
found in:
–
–
–
–

Wheat
Rye
Barley
Oats
Gluten can severely
damage the
intestine’s ability to
absorb nutrients in
those with gluten
sensitivity.
Foods to Avoid

Wheat Products (Flour)
–
Breads, Wraps, Pancakes, Waffles,
Cookies, Cereals, etc.


Oatmeal
Processed Meats
–

Breaded meats
–



Sausage, Deli Meats
Oven Fried Chicken, Meatloaf
Pasta
French Fries
Soy Sauce
Foods to Enjoy





Corn
Baked Potatoes
Soaked Potatoes
Rice
Meat
–



Marinated Chicken Breast, BBQ
Chicken, Baked Fish, BBQ Pork,
Hamburger Patty
Fruit
Vegetables
Milk and Milk Products
Gluten-Free Sample Meals

Breakfast:
–

Lunch
–

Rice Krispies with skim milk, fresh
fruit cup, eggs, yogurt
Hamburger patty with ketchup,
tossed salad with oil and vinegar,
baked potato with margarine and
sour cream, sherbet
Dinner
–
Baked fish with green beans, corn,
tossed salad with oil & vinegar
dressing, pudding
Cross-Contamination

Store gluten-free foods separately from foods that
contain gluten.

Separate cooking equipment
–

Personal containers for condiments
–

Pans, pots, plates, etc.
Peanut butter, mayonnaise, mustard, etc.
Prepare gluten-free foods in a separate area from
foods that contain gluten.
–
OR sanitize kitchen areas
Toddler Diet – For Ages 12 months
to 3 years

Balanced Meals for Healthy Children

Fruits and Vegetables

Small Portions and Finger
Foods
Toddler Diet - Reasoning

Little mouths need little bites – prevent
choking.

Children may not be able to use utensils.
Foods to Avoid




Food that has not
been cut up
Hot Dogs
Grapes
Big Sandwiches
Skim
Milk
Salad
Tater Tots
Junk Food or
Sugary Foods
Diet Jeopardy
MUSC Diet Jeopardy
Renal
Low
Sodium
Carbohydrate Gluten Free
Toddler
$100
$100
$100
$100
$100
$200
$200
$200
$200
$200
$300
$300
$300
$300
$300
$400
$400
$400
$400
$400
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
Final Jeopardy
Thank You!