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International Journal of Basic Sciences & Applied Research. Vol., 3 (SP), 188-195, 2014
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ISSN 2147-3749 ©2014
Studying the Role of Tourism in Rural Development
(Case Study: Asalem District of Talesh)
Tahere Masoumifard1, Seyede Sedighe Hasanimehr2*
1Department
2
of Geography- Astara branch, Islamic Azad University- Astara-Iran
Corresponding Author, Department of Geography- Astara branch, Islamic Azad University- Astara-Iran
*Corresponding
Author: Seyede Sedighe Hasanimehr
Abstract
More local economy and community economic diversification in rural tourism can be broadly
stable, opportunities for multiple activities to occur, thereby preventing a temporary recession
and Income Support; new jobs are created in different areas and by reducing agricultural
subsidies, strengthen the local economy. Asalem is one of districts of Talesh region in Guilan
province. Around this area there are many promenades, including: Gisoum coast, road
Asalem to Khalkhal and Navroud sides of the river that is one of the major rivers in Asalem
district, in recent years many travelers have been considered. The population in this study
includes settlements of Asalem district with 69 villages inhabited, 15 villages haunted, 3 rural
districts and an urban area. Research in the field and by direct observation, interviews and
questionnaires were conducted. The results of the research is that, Development of rural
tourism can play a positive role in empowering local people and diversification of the
economy and creating employment opportunities for rural people and creating employment
opportunities for rural people and reduced migration of active and young people. It is
recommended that tourist places in this section can be equipped with the creation of a tourist
destination cause of diversity and boost economic activity in the area, and this requires
considerable investment and development authorities and local participation in planning and
accurate.
Keywords: Role of tourism, Rural, Development.
Introduction
Statement of the problem and the need for research: More local economy and community economic diversification in rural
tourism can be broadly stable, opportunities for multiple activities to occur, thereby preventing a temporary recession and Income
Support, new jobs are created in different areas and by reducing agricultural subsidies, strengthen the local economy (Sharply,
2001). Rural tourism is not a new phenomenon. But as tourism, typically until mid-twentieth century, mainly as a benefit for the
wealthy and affluent industrial society was a way to escape from stress. Since then, many passengers as tourists traveled to the
rural countryside (Mayer et al., 2013). Due to the nature of tourism activities and to interact more closely with the activities of various
economic, social and cultural rights, thus its effects can be very diverse and widespread. And in particular left a deep impact on the
local environment and host communities affected (Rezvani & Safaii, 2005).
Rural tourism provides a viable possibility to solve the young people migration problem and lack of economic development,
especially in rural areas degradation of natural resources and cultural heritage (Saghaii & Javanbakht, 2013). Talesh town ship due
to natural factors, especially climatic variation, it’s the capabilities of tourist attractions, historical attraction and cultural and social
monuments, so that during the day and in the minimum interval can enjoy from the coast and the village of paddy fields, mountains
and foothills covered with dense forests, springs, heights bungalow and rivers and visit of its ancient sites (Rahnamii, 2002). Asalem
is one of districts of Talesh city that is located in the south of this city. Handicrafts (carpet and tile), livestock, wood and paper
products of this area has a reputation for cross-regional. Around this area there are many promenades. Mountains Asalem an
excellent platform for the development of ecotourism and tourism development to economic prosperity and has provided
employment in asalem district. This countryside has great tourism potentials for the development of tourism industry in this area.
Another interesting point in this section is Gisoum forest park, sea coast and pathway & forest leading to Gisoum. Gisoum forest
park with an area of 80 hectare with dense forest and plant species richness and also Gisoum beautiful beach that does good local
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places to swim and have become attractive for tourists. Also PirHarat village is one of the most beautiful villages in Khalesara rural
district of Asalem district.
Research Questions
 What is the impact of tourism development in Asalem of Talesh on economic activity and income of the villagers?
 Whether development of tourism has caused to decrease rural to urban migration in Asalem district?
Research hypothesis
 Tourism development in Asalem district through the creation of employment and income has positive effect on economy of
household.
 It seems that the development of tourism in Asalem district has caused reduce the migration of villagers to the Talesh city
Methodology
The research method used is descriptive. Data collected by the library and information books and documents, departments
and agencies of the province of Guilan and Talesh city.
Research Goals
 The impact of tourism on rural income in Asalem district.
 Studying of the role of tourism in rural development in Asalem district.
Geographical location
Asalem is one of districts of Talesh township in northern province of Guilan, that the geographical location between latitude 37
degrees 32 minutes to 37 degrees 46 minutes northern and longitude 48 degrees 36 minutes to 49 degrees and 3 minutes eastern is
located in the north west of Guilan. This district is connected from the north to central part of Talesh township (Toularoud rural
district) from south of the Rezvanshahr township from east to Caspian Sea and from the West to Khalkhal township (Ardabil
province) (Management & Planning Organization of Guilan, 2006). According to the census, statistical center of Iran, The population
of Asalem district in 1390 was equivalent to 40, 569 people and with 49, 500 hectares and 69 villages inhabited and 15 uninhabited
villages and three rural district, namely, Khalesara, Kharjegil and Asalem. It is also contains 57 villages more than 20 households
with the rural council and 36 Dehyary (Statistical Center of Iran, 2010).
Topography
Asalem district is composed of one plain and coastal area with urban and rural settlements and significant population and in
the West consists of a mountainous area and this highland is encompasses the large surface of this area with the north-south
direction and as we move from the east to the west will increase the height of district (Yari, 2010)
In terms of topography according to the type of land in Asalem district, this district has divided to four morphological units in terms of
configuration and type of unevenness (coastal, plains, foothills and mountainous ). So that has formed from the coastal zone to
height 100 m unit of plains 100 to 150 meters foothills and over 500 meters mountain. (Topography Map of Asalem district, scale
1:50000)
Rain
According to information obtained Average rainfall stations in statistic period of 20 years, equal 1300 mm and the maximum
and minimum limits of 195 and 74 mm is belong to the months of September and October respectively.
Temperature
According to information obtained the average annual temperature is equal 6/15 ° C in the region. also highest temperature
was observed in the area in August and the lowest temperature in the February, with average temperatures of 25/9 and 6/7 ° C.
Figure 1. Monthly Heat Index Chart of Kharjegil Station of Asalem in the period of 20 years (1993-2013).
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Relative Humidity
According to information obtained, the region's average annual relative humidity is 80% and the maximum and minimum are,
respectively, during the months of November and December.
Figure 2. Monthly relative humidity parameters Chart of Kharjegil Station of Asalem in the course of 20 years (ending in 2013).
Vegetation
About the vegetation of Asalem, plain section, according to a gentle slope and fertile alluvial soil, has been devoted to rice
lands, where the majority of urban and rural settlements are; foothills units are a mixture of forest and rice fields, and mountainous
section is covered with pasture plants. Asalem district, regarding topography and natural changed, starts from the minimum height
along the shores of the Caspian Sea, whose average height is 27 meters above sea level which, based on the increase of the
height, forms the 250 meters plain regions of Asalem.
This relatively flat with very low slope of the land is used in matters relating to agriculture, horticulture, and timber production in
business and residential timber for economic affairs and urban development and roads in the area. From 250 to 500 meters, it
makes up the down area of Hirkani or Caspian Forests which has fairly visible valleys, hills, and edges; from the height of 500
meters to 1000 meters, it has been allocated to forest areas where the river, valleys, cliffs and rugged cliffs are generally allocated
the least amount of human population living in these areas; from 1000 to 2000 meters altitude above, the range forest resources
reduces and changes into the meadow (Department of Natural Resources of Guilan, Asalem Forestry Projects, 2011).
Social Features
According to the statistics of 2011, Asalem district has 40, 569 inhabitants and 11, 703 households; Asalem has three districts,
namely Asalem, Khalesara and Kharjegil in which Asalem region has 16, 117 inhabitants and 4, 638 households, Khalesara has
7495 inhabitants and 2307 households, and Kharjegil 6917 inhabitants and 1949 households, and Asalem city has 10040
inhabitants and 2809 households (Statistics Iran Center, 2011).
Literacy
According to the General Population and Housing Census 2006, total population of Asalem with 39, 089 people, with 9203
households, in which 19, 301 were males and 19, 788 females. According to statistics of 2006, 28120 people in Asalem were
literate. Among different regions of the district, 14, 650 people are literate in Asalem region; Kharjegil and Khalesara, by having 5957
and 5030 people, respectively, are in the second and third place.
Employment and Activities
According to statistics in 2011, from the total population of Asalem, 25, 731 people are 10 years and older, of whom 12, 628
are men and 13, 103 women; among them, 8934 are employed, of whom 8250 people are men and 684 women. Unemployed
people are approximately 1150 people, 985 men and 165 women. Most employees are active in the agricultural sector (The Sum of
Asalem rural Statistics Census, 2009).
Immigration
According to statistics obtained from the city health department of Talesh, the number of immigrants in Asalem is: 146 people
in Kharjegil (Nav centre), 367 people in Khalesara (Asalem 2), 269 people in Asalem district (Asalem 1); and the number of
emigrants (who moved out of the area) is 782 (Health Centre of Talesh, 2014).
Economic Features
Agriculture
As most of Asalem’s settlements are in the plains and foothills, and due to the alluvial soils and proximity to the Caspian Sea
and rainfall, agriculture is the main activity, along which there are economic activity, gardening, livestock, poultry, animal husbandry
and fish and bee farming (Talesh Agriculture Organization, Agriculture Statistics, 2014).
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Farming
According to the statistics 2014, Asalem’s agricultural land area is equal to 6530 acres of which 4450 acres are rice fields and
other dryland and irrigated area are wheat, barley, corn, beans, onions, potatoes, garlic, eggplant, tomatoes, leafy vegetables,
nutritional vegetables, cucumber, watermelon, clover and alfalfa are 710 acres (Talesh Agriculture Organization, Agricultural
Statistics, 2014)
Gardening
According to the statistics of 2014, the areas under horticultural crops are 1107 of which 630 acres are non-productive
gardens, and 477 acres productive gardens. After that the green tomatoes, walnuts, citrus and, then, cherry, plum, hazelnut, kiwi,
plum, grape, medlar, and apple are dominant.
Livestock and poultry
According to the statistics of 2014, there are 146, 802 head of cattle, of which 116, 800 head are small and 30, 002 heavy.
Poultry horticulture is for self-usage and can be observed along with animal husbandry, gardening, and farming (Talesh Agriculture
Organization, Agricultural statistics data, 2014)
Fish Farming, beekeeping
According to the statistics of 2006, there are 15 fish farming ponds in the plains and foothills including 19/73 % of the
settlements. There was also almost 148 kg of honey production, and, according to declaration of residents, it has improved
compared with the past; a small percentage of the settlement is in foothills.
Industry
Asalem is considered as the center of a geographic area and service center and exchange of commodities. Considering the
types of infrastructure and superstructure of Asalem and many villages leading to the cities, many urban and rural residents are in
the service sector such as retail shops, wood, various repair shops, etc. causing the percentage of workers in the service sector,
after agricultural, appears to be a dominant role in economy. Most industries in Asalem are small businesses. Asalem holds 219,
400 pieces of industrial poultry plant and 7 modern rice factories and 14 traditional ones; Asalem’s healthy slaughter house has
started its activities since 1997. In Asalem, Asalem’s Industrial Wood Company, with an area of approximately 200, 000 square
meters, being located 60 Km from Rezvanshahr to Talesh and the wide range of beautiful and unique beech forests of Talesh, has
begun its activities since 60 years ago; a large number of the employees are working in this part (Sheriffdom, 2014)
Services
Regarding services infrastructure and superstructure available in Asalem region, including Asalem city itself, and many rural
areas reaching to this city, many urban and rural residents are involved in service industry including retail stores, forest craft
products, repair shops, and other amenities that help workers are engaged in this sector, after agriculture group (Yari, 2010).
Tourism
There are a lot of resort places in Asalem region including Gisoum Forest Park in Talesh, with an area of 80 hectares, Gisoum
Sea coast, and the forest road leading to it, one of the landmarks of the Talesh city of Guilan located in Asalem. Implementation of
coastal tourism in this region has made it one of the finest and most renowned coastal areas in the north of the country. This project
includes facilities such as the swimming place for men and women, 17 houses, 20 villas, 70 rooms of 9 meters, Office of
Communications, washing place, bakery, police headquarters, the headquarters of the Red Crescent team, health services, prayer
houses, 16 shops and dining and one restaurant. Gisoum is one of the funniest and most unique tourist attractions in Talesh which,
according to latest statistics from the municipality, more than one million people enters and uses its facilities annually (Ghahramani,
2010).
Asalem to Khalkhal mountainous and touristic road: Asalem to Khalkhal road, by having a special and unique natural
environment and some effective infrastructure to attract tourists, is potential to establish on-the-way resort settlements. At the
beginning of the road, the beautiful village of Kharjegil and after that, among the forest and along the road, is very beautiful Navroud
river which makes the area dreamy. Along the river, there are pavilions and small dining places for tourists. Having passed the forest
and approaching the height, the weather gets pleasant. At the end of the forest, in the countryside, there exist the countryside of
Vargadara, Asbavouni, Matash, Charasou, Larzere, Kermoun, and Almas heights which, due to having pleasant weather, are very
suitable for leisure activities (Ghahramani, 2009).
Pirharat Tomb
It is one of the most beautiful villages in Asalem region. It took its name from a shrine called Pirat. Among the beauties of the
village is an ancient work of a circular chamber with a diameter of about three meters and height of about two meters. Weekly
market: it is one of the most beautiful entertainments for passengers to watch. Asalem weekly markets include Saturday market in
Asalem city, and Sunday market in Khalif Abad which supply the needs of the people.
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Crafts
Specific geographic area, wet weather, mountains full of jungles, beautiful and colorful scenery, on the one hand, and a long
history of people of this land on craft and industry, on the other, have made this area have various fine crafts. This area contains a
variety of crafts including basket weaving, mat weaving, felting, rug weaving, batch, nappy lace, hosiery, weaving Choukha and
knitting scarf. Traveling to Asalem city and the distance between the city and Talesh, in Baladeh village, along the main road, the art
of rug weaving in this part catches the eye of the viewer; these rugs have decorative paintings and diamond-shaped and slim
margins; chords in brown color and elegant wool and woofs in wool. Other attraction of Asalem is beautiful beach of Alalan.
(Administration of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of Talesh, 2014)
Tourism Industry in the region
Tourism facilities of this area are not studied much; significant facilities include two hotels and one motel and inn. The Horian
Gisoum hotel has 20 rooms and 40 beds. The hotel is the second degree hotel, 18 away from Talesh on the road to Rasht. Sepidar
motel is located in Khalif Abad; the residential section provides accommodation facilities for tourists in a very standard mode and is a
three-star degree motel. Sepidar Motel has parking and restaurant and 13 rooms with 36 beds. Yas inn, in Gisoum, also has two
stars, 17 kilometers away from Talesh on the way to Rasht. Gisoum Coastal Beach facilities: men's and women's swimming area, 7
sets of suites, 20 villas, and 70 nine-meter rooms, telecom office, place for washing dishes, bakery, police headquarters, place for
the Red Crescent team with a Doctor, three other helpers and one driver, 8 male and female saviors in swimming area, public health
services, prayer houses, 16 shops, dining and a restaurant. On the way of Asalem to Khalkhal, along Navroud river, there are shops,
bowels, and dining places. There are several restaurants and a hotel in Asbavouni village on top of the mountain for tourists (Office
of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism of Talesh City, 2004).
Introducing tourist attractions of the region
Natural attractions
Gisoum Forest Park of Talesh, with an area of about 80 hectares, Gisoum Sea coast, and the forest road leading to it are the
landmarks of Talesh in Guilan, located in Asalem. Gisoum, which starts from deep in the forest area, 17 kilometers to Talesh, and
relates the forest and mountain, in an amazing narrow road, to the forest tunnel of trees and coastal tourism region, have changed
this touristic plan to the most beautiful and famous coastal areas in the north of the country. The size of this plan is 12 acres, which
is divided into the north and south entrance. The construction of the project began in 1993 by the management of Talesh
municipality. Mountainous and touristic road of Asalem to Khalkhal is one of the attractions of Asalem region. This 70 kilometers
road, because of having special circumstances and mountainous climate and the combination of forested nature with today’s plain,
is known as the most beautiful roads of the country.
The road, because of being a mountainous one, has cold weather, even in summer. This mountainous road, with many twists
and turns, goes through the beech trees and along Navroud River and extends to Navroud. In the countryside of the road, the
villages of Vargedara, Asbavouni, Matash, Charasou, Larzereh, Kermoun, and the heights of Almas which have nature and pleasant
climate to pass leisure time. The coastal region of Alalan, as well, is one of the tourist attractions for passing the leisure time which
has been established by Asalem’s municipalities. Alalan coast is one of the most beautiful beaches of Asalem district on the West of
Gisoum coast, which is located at a distance of two kilometers from the city of Asalem, which has facilities such as toilets, lighting
and landscaping. Moreover, Alalan beach was residented by the famous writer Jalal Al Ahmad. Two coastal regions of Gisoum and
Almas Mountain have been adopted as one of the beautiful touristic places (Cultural Heritage Administration and Tourism of Talesh
city, 2014).
Traditional games
Holding cultural, sports, local, riding, rural, nomadic festivals in Guilan attracts more than 12, 000 visitors to this province from
around the nation annually. Traditional and local games and plays of Talesh city include Bavoj wrestling, Kolahparan, Jacob Jacob,
drawstring, stunt riding, etc. The festival of anemone flower each year is held in which a large number of tourists attend in Asalem to
Khalkhal road heights (Kermoun Plain) (Physical Education of Talesh city, 20014).
Assessing Hypothesis
 Tourism popularity in Asalem region through creating job opportunity and income have a positive impact on the economy of
households: regarding the natural strengths of Asalem region, the various territories of foothills, mountains, and plains terrain,
vegetation and pasture diversity, and natural attractions, beautiful beaches and landscapes such as Gisoum beautiful forest park,
coast, and touristic road of Asalem to Khalkhal, and, according to survey, and Tables 1, 2, 3, 4 extracted from the questionnaires,
the popularity of tourism in Asalem region through creating job opportunity and income has made a positive impact on the
economy of household, and confirms this hypothesis.
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Figure 3. Do you think tourism can be an effective way to prosperity of rural areas?
71 percent of people, who responded to this question, rated the choice very much and a lot, 35 percent very much and 36 percent a
lot, which shows that the development of tourism in this section has positive impact of the economy of the households and grows the
economy.
Figure 4. Do you think your income will increase when tourists come to your village?
Regarding the arrival of tourists to this region and selling the groceries and crops to tourists, 51 percent of respondents chose very
much and 24 percent a lot which show that more than 75 percent of the tourists will cause the income of people in Asalem region
increases.
Figure 5.To what extent, do you think; tourism in the region has led to creating job opportunities?
52.3 percent of people chose a the choice a lot, and 21/3 percent chose very much; based on this statistics, the role of tourism in
economic growth and creating job opportunities can therefore be understood.
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Figure 6. How can the tourists be effective in improving the economic status of rural people?
As 71.8 percent of people chose buying the agricultural, livestock, and crafts productions, and these productions is in direct
relationship with rural areas, and by selling these products, the economic condition of people gets better, rural people can
economically grow when they sell their products.
 It seems that tourism development in Asalem has caused the reduction of rural migration to urban areas in Talesh city: from
among the positive effects of tourism in rural areas can be the reduction of rural migration to the cities and most rural migrations
are due to finding job and having income. According to Table 5, the questionnaire has been provided, and regarding the second
hypothesis, it seems that the development of tourism in Asalem can cause the reduction in the migration of rural people to urban
city of Talesh, the second hypothsis is approved.
Figure 7. In your opinion, the development of tourism, to what extent, prevents the migration of the youth and economic activists in
rural areas to other regions?
The number of people answering to this question very much and a lot are about 65%, of whom 40/2 percent rated very much
and 24/7 percent have chosen a lot; these percentages indicate that the development of tourism in Asalem and the creation of new
jobs for the youth prevent the migration of the youth and economic activists to other areas.
Conclusion
Asalem city of Talesh, regarding geographical location and natural conditions, has remarkable natural abilities whose thorough
potentials in economic and social development of the area have not yet been used. Lack of development of the region such as lack
of employment in agricultural sector, because of the saturation of this section, the rapid pace of changing the application of farms
and lack of influential industrial centers in the area as the producer of job opportunities, lead the trend of development towards new
activities such as tourism development. Taking a transient look into what have been discussed in previous parts, it can be said that
tourism potentials of Asalem region, and each of its various attractions can attract many tourists; therefore, knowing the natural
capabilities and potentials of this section such as Asalem to Khalkhal touristic road and beautiful coasts of Asalem region, and, also,
beautiful landscapes, historical and cultural monuments, which are the main features of the development tourism in Asalam region,
pursuing the tourism sources and improving knowledge, culture, income, and social welfare of people can be possible. In this study,
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the descriptive analytical method has been used which have been done using observation, interview, and survey. Using the analysis
of statistical results of the survey in different areas of Asalem region, it can have positive effects on the economy of the household
through creating job opportunity and income.
Also, it can be concluded that there is significant relationship between tourism development, increasing tourism, and improving
the income of people. From among the positive effects that tourism in rural areas had, regarding the answers of the respondents, the
hypothesis that the development of tourism in Asalem can avoid the migration of rural people to Talesh city is approved because the
development of tourism in rural areas can create job opportunities other than agriculture; therefore, as a lot of travelers annually
enter the area, to attract tourism and keeping it in natural areas (countryside, forest, sea, etc. ), tourism activities in this area should
be improved. Considering the above mentioned points, it can be concluded that the development of rural tourism can play a positive
role in the empowerment of the local population, and the diversification of economic growth and employment opportunities for young
people in rural areas and reduce the migration of an active and youth part, which will finally lead to the development of the village; to
achieve this, the attention of the authorities and investors, and the development of the participation of the local parts and exact plan
are required.
Suggestions
 Creating basis and encouraging people to participate in the development of the infrastructures, equipments, and different tourism
facilities and income through and by the use of private sector participation in areas where people cannot invest
 The development of agriculture tourism for appropriate use of rural landscape, farm, and gardens to have income and prevent
destroying them.
 Optimal and appropriate distribution of social and economic tourism among the residents in village (such as income and
employment, etc. )
 Developing and equipping touristic roads and creating guide books for tourists.
 Establishing hotels and restaurants on the ways of tourists
 Constructing inns and rural settlements and rental houses or settling tourists in accommodations previously prepared.
 Developing the access roads to the mountain.
 The necessity of coastal project plans for beautiful coasts of the region and giving the tourism plans to private sectors.
 Holding exhibitions and festivals and exclusive conferences to introduce the tourism potentials of the region.
 Fixing the problems related to the on time disposal of the waste.

References
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