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T H E TO L LY G R O U P No. 200212 June 2000 Broadband Access Systems, Inc. Test Summary Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch Cable Modem System Performance Evaluation Test results show that the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch can forward traffic at more than 96% of the theoretical maximum for the following configurations: maximum packet forwarding rates with 64-byte packets (minimum packet size); and maximum packet forwarding rates using 108-byte packets (size of packetized voice solution traffic). When testing sim- © 2000 The Tolly Group Achieves near wire-speed small packet-processing performance of 64- and 108-byte packets Delivers near wire-speed simulated Internet traffic performance Demonstrates scalable support for hundreds of simultaneous connections per DOCSIS module Cuda 12000 CMTS Bidirectional Packet Processing 373 Cable Data Modems 100 99.6% 99.7% 96.5% 97.2% 98.5% 97.2% 50 97.9% 75 97.2% B roadband Access Systems, Inc. commissioned The Tolly Group to evaluate its Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch, a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) equipped with a DOCSIS module (Hybrid Fiber Coax interface to the CDM network), in conjunction with several hundred CDMs from Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. Tests were conducted for zero-loss, steady-state, asymmetric throughput with full-duplex traffic using 64 bytes for maximum packet processing, 108 bytes for packet telephony and 64 bytes upstream/1,518 bytes downstream and 200 bytes upstream and 1,518 bytes downstream to test common IP traffic. Furthermore, engineers tested 108- and 200-byte packets to test the capability of the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch when forwarding packet sizes commonly found in packetized voice solutions. Testing was performed in May 2000. Test Highlights Percentage of theoretical maximum Premise: Cable System Operators (CSOs), Local Cable Operators (LCOs), Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs), who wish to deploy Cable Data Modem (CDM) networks require objective, accurate assessments of system performance in “real-world” configurations. While single-modem performance results can be instructive, service providers really need to understand how the entire network will respond when traffic from dozens, or even hundreds, of simultaneous users is active across a CDM infrastructure. Such information allows network managers to scale or provision the network properly in response to changes in the number of users, expected-traffic profile and acceptable levels of oversubscription. 25 0 64 bytes 108 bytes 64 bytes, 1,518 bytes 200 bytes, 1,518 bytes Packet size, bytes (incl. CRC) Upstream Source: The Tolly Group, June 2000 ulated Internet transactions of 200 bytes upstream requests and 1,518-byte responses, the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch yielded similar performance results. Results Cable data modem networks differ from traditional, leased-line networks and Local Area Networks, in that the available upstream and Downstream Figure 1 downstream bandwidths are asymmetrical. While a maximum data rate of 37 Mbit/s is possible in the downstream using 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), this data rate is not possible in the upstream because of natural signal impairments that accumulate in the cable plant. For this reason, a less dense modulation rate (16 QAM or 10 Mbit/s) is generally used in the upstream. Furthermore, while upstream bandwidth is generally Page 1 Broadband Access Systems Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch shared only within a single node of a cable data modem network, downstream bandwidth is usually shared among several nodes connected to the CMTS. For this set of tests, results show the outcome of testing asymmetrical upstream and downstream traffic, with upstream defined as traffic to the CMTS and downstream defined as traffic from the CMTS. The Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch, with a 1 x 4 (one down, one up) DOCSIS module, was set to 256 QAM downstream modulation and 16 QAM upstream modulation. Upstream and Downstream Throughput of 64-Byte Packets Results show that the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch could forward traffic consisting of 64-byte packets upstream at 97% of the theoretical maximum and downstream at 97% of the theoretical maximum. See figure 1. When thought of in terms of Mbit/s, the upstream traffic of 64-byte packets resulted in an aggregate system throughput of 23.9 Mbit/s while the downstream traffic of 64-byte packets resulted in an aggregate system throughput of 33.6 Mbit/s. See figure 2. Upstream and Downstream Throughput of 108Byte Packets The Tolly Group also verified that the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch could forward traffic consisting of 108-byte packets (a size that closely matches that of some packetized voice solutions) upstream at 97% of the theoretical maximum and downstream at 98% of the theoretical maximum. See figure 1. The upstream traffic of 108-byte packets resulted in an aggregate system throughput of 26.9 Mbit/s while the downstream traffic of 108-byte packets resulted in an aggregate system throughput of 34.8 Mbit/s. See figure 2. © 2000 The Tolly Group Cuda 12000 CMTS Bidirectional Packet Processing 373 Cable Data Modems 34.8 33.6 35 Average system throughput (Mbit/s) The Tolly Group 30 26.9 23.9 25 20 15 10 5 0 64 bytes 108 bytes Packet size, bytes (incl. CRC) Upstream Source: The Tolly Group, June 2000 Upstream and Downstream Throughput of 64- and 1,518-byte Packets When faced with tests of 64-byte packet traffic upstream, and 1,518-byte packet traffic downstream, the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch delivered 97% of the theoretical maximum for upstream traffic and 96% of the theoretical maximum for downstream traffic. See figure 1. Upstream and Downstream Throughput of 200and 1,518-byte Packets In a final testing scenario, the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch showed that it can forward upstream traffic using 200byte packets at 99% of the theoretical maximum and that it could forward downstream traffic using 1,518-byte packets at 99% of the theoretical maximum. See figure 1. Analysis The test results suggest that service providers that deploy the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch in conjunction with Toshiba DAZ8801F modems can provision the network to support hundreds of Downstream Figure 2 simultaneous users performing highvolume transactions concurrently. The tests demonstrate that such a network will support near wire-speed performance of heavy interactive traffic (based upon the results of tests with 64byte upstream and downstream packets), heavy packetized voice loads (based upon the results of tests with 108-byte upstream and downstream packets) and heavy Internet access (based upon the results with 64- and 200-byte packets upstream and 1,518-byte packets downstream). Although the configuration of 200-byte packets upstream and 1,518-byte packets downstream exhibited loss above the 0.1% target of this evaluation, the 0.21% loss ratio still represents less than a quarter of the loss ratio deemed acceptable by Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (CableLabs ®), namely 1.0%. Moreover, such a loss ratio is not likely to have a major impact on application performance since it represents an approximate average loss of only one packet in five hundred. Customarily The Tolly Group tests LAN switches to .001% loss; however, this is far too stringent for cable data modem technology. A 1.0% loss can have a significant impact on network utilization in congested networks. For this test, The Tolly Group conducted a more stringent set of tests to more closely approximate the steady-state performance Page 2 The Tolly Group Broadband Access Systems Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch of congested networks with a high number of active cable modems. Test Configuration and Methodology The system under test, a Broadband Access Systems Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch, a Cable Modem Termination System [CMTS], version 1.0.0 cmts_cw14 9 2000_05_11_1423, connected to seven Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Cables with fiber/coax converters. Four cables served as carrier networks that carried upstream traffic. Each carrier connected to its own diplexer, a three-port frequency-dependent device that is used as a separator or a combiner of signals that fanned out each cable so it could connect to numerous Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) cable modems. A total of 512 modems were configured in this test bed. Each of four simulated networks connected to 81, 84 and two sets of 104 Toshiba American, Inc. DAZ8801F cable modems. All were DOCSIS 1.0 certified, hardware version 5.21 and software version 1.6.016. In addition, 139 idle modems were connected to the networks to further simulate a real-world environment. Each active cable modem connected to a half-duplex Ethernet link that connected to a Wavetek Wandel Goltermann DominoFastEthernet DA-350 DominoCore version 2.5 10Base-TX hardwarebased network analyzer to monitor traffic. The Domino ran on one of two of the following during different testing sessions: a 500-MHz Pentium III Quantex T-1401 with 160 Mbytes of RAM with a fixed-disk size of 12 Gbytes running Nortel Networks NetGear FA-510 10/100 Mbit/s with a PCMCIA bus; and a Microsoft Corp. Windows 98 second edition; or a 133-MHz Pentium Compaq Armada 1590DMT with 32 Mbytes of RAM and a fixed-disk space of 2.0 Gbytes, also running Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition. A second Wavetek Wandel Goltermann DominoFastEthernet DA-350 DominoCore version 2.5 100Base-TX hardware-based network analyzer was connected to the network to monitor traffic. It was running on a 300-MHz Pentium II Dell Computer Corp. Latitude CPi 300XT with 64 Mbytes of RAM, an OCI bus card and 4.2 Gbytes of fixeddisk space. This console was also run- © 2000 The Tolly Group ning a 3Com Corp. 3Com Megahertz 10/100 LAN CardBus Ethernet PC card and Microsoft Windows NT Workstation 4.0 SP5. The network monitors connected to one of two Netcom Systems, a division of Spirent Communications Inc., SmartBits SMB-2000 Advanced Multiport Network Performance Tester/Analyzer /Simulators, populated with ML-7710 SmartCard interfaces, with a SmartCableModem DOCSIS compliant test beta version 1.12, 20-port network traffic simulator. Both SmartBits consoles ran on two separate 500-MHz Pentium III Dell OptiPlex GX110 with 128 Mbytes of RAM. All traffic generated from the SmartBits systems to the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch for testing. See figure 3. The Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch was configured for a single downstream carrier of 507 MHz and four upstream carriers of 20 MHz, 21.6 MHz, 23.2 MHz and 24.8 MHz. Engineers tested the Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch for zero-loss throughput. The test was made asymmetric by including four upstream carriers and one downstream carrier so that the downstream traffic stream was four times the volume of the upstream traffic streams. Engineers conducted the following tests: 64-byte packets upstream and downstream; 108-byte packets upstream and downstream; 64-byte packets upstream and 1,518-byte packets downstream; and finally, 200-byte packets upstream and 1,518-byte packets downstream. Engineers executed three iterations for each test and recorded data throughput as reported by SmartBits. Note: The Toshiba modems periodically transmitted duplicate copies of a given frame. Therefore, The Tolly Group calculated the number of packets forwarded by the system based upon the number of frames received in sequence, not the total number received, as reported by SmartCableModem Test. This methodology therefore excluded from its count any frames that were forwarded uniquely by the system error-free but out of sequence. It also reduced, but did not eliminate, the possibility that duplicate frames would be counted. Broadband Access Systems, Inc. Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch Cable Modem System Performance Evaluation Broadband Access Systems, Inc. Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch Product Specifications* Cuda 12000TM IP Access Switch 14-slot chassis (9RU) 12 slots for application modules MeshFlowTM high-speed interconnect 200+ Gbit/s peak switching throughput Dual -48v DC connectors Access Modules DOCSIS module, one downstream, four upstream Programmable Layer 3 switch engine DOCSIS 1.0 qualified, 1.1 ready Integrated up-converter SNMPv2 managed Downstream modulation QAM64/256 Downstream rate 27 or 38 Mbit/s Upstream demodulation QPSK/QAM16 Upstream Rate 320 Kbit/s to 10 Mbit/s Egress Module Options Octal 10/100Base-TX module Programmable Layer 3 switch engine Routing Protocols: RIPv1/2, OSPFv2 Single 1000Base-SX/LX module Single OC3/12 POS module Management Chassis controller module Console: SNMP, HTTP, ICMP, telnet Optional CudaViewTM Manager Optional Cuda Provisioning ManagerTM Standards DOCSIS 1.0 BellCore GR-1089, GR-63 CORE IETF IPv4 IEEE 802.3 For more information contact: Broadband Access Systems, Inc. 8 Technology Drive Westborough, MA 01581 Phone: (508) 366-8833 Fax: (508) 836-2677 URL: http://www.basystems.com *Vendor-supplied info not verified by The Tolly Group Page 3 The Tolly Group Broadband Access Systems Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch Test Bed SmartBits SMB-2000 75 ohm RF Taps SD 23 23 2000 PO W ER 75 ohm LI NK 1 2 1 52 27 A T-9 62 2s 4 A T-96 2 2s Per for m ance A naly sis S ys te m 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX TX INI T INIT I NIT I NI T INI T INI T INIT I NI T INI T INI T INI T INI T TX TRIG TRIG T RIG T RIG TRIG TRI G T RIG T RIG TRI G TRI G TRIG T RIG TRI G TRI G TRI G ALRM CL S CLS CLS C LS CLS CLS CLS C LS CLS CL S CLS C LS CLS CLS CLS CLS RX LOS TRI G RX ERR RX ERR RX E RR RX E RR RX ERR RX ERR RX E RR RX E RR RX ERR RX ERR RX ERR RX E RR RX ERR RX ER R RX E RR RX E RR TX DP LX 100M 1300nm LINK DP LX 100M LI NK DP LX LI NK LINK D PLX LINK DPLX L INK DP LX 100M LI NK DP LX LINK D PLX LINK DPLX 100M LINK DP LX LI NK DP LX LINK D PLX LI NK DPLX T IG R LINK DP LX LINK DPL X DPLX 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M PA US E PA US E P AUS E PA USE PA US E P AUS E P AUS E P AUS E PA US E P AUS E P AUS E P AUS E PA US E P AUS E P AUS E P AU SE N ET C O M SYST E M S N ET C O M S YST E M S N ET C O M S YS T EM S N ET C OM SYST EM S N E TC O M SYST E M S NET C O M S YST E M S NET C O M SYS T EM S N ET C O M SYS T EM S N E T CO M SYST E M S NET CO M SY ST E M S NET C O M SYS T EM S N ET C O M SYS T EM S N E T CO M SYST EM S NE T CO M SY ST EM S NET C O M SYS T EM S NET C O M SYS T EM S 100M Clas s 1 LA SE R P RO DUCT RX NET C O M SY ST EM S RX S ing le M od e N ET C O M S YST E M S SD 23 2000 PO W ER 75 ohm LI N K 1 2 A T-9 62 2 s 3 4 A T-9 62 2s TX 5 15227 I NI T TX TX INI T INIT TRI G TRIG TX NET C O M SYST EM S Half-duplex Ethernet links, 1 per modem Po rt Stre a m La ye r 9 TX Pe rfo rm anc e A naly sis Sys te m 10 11 12 TX 13 S Y S T E MS 14 15 16 TX 17 18 19 20 TRI G T RI G TRI G CLS CLS CLS CLS CLS CLS RX ER R RX E RR RX ERR RX ER R RX E RR RX E RR RX E RR LINK DPLX LINK L INK DP L X LIN K D PLX DPLX LI NK DPLX LINK DP LX LINK DPLX LIN K DPLX LI NK DP LX LI NK DP LX INI T TX TRI G CL S RX ERR DPLX INI T TX TRIG CLS RX ERR LINK I NI T TX TRI G CLS RX E RR LI NK IN IT TX INI T TRI G C LS RX ERR D PLX I NI T TX INI T TRI G CLS RX ERR DP LX INI T TX T RIG CLS RX ERR LINK I NI T TX TRI G CLS RX E RR DP LX INIT TX TRI G C LS RX ERR TX INI T TX INI T CLS 1300nm Clas s 1 LA S ER P RODUCT RX Sin gle M o de Multi 8 TX TRIG CL S RX ERR TRI G 100M 1300nm Clas s 1 LA SE R P RODUCT 7 TX I NI T T RIG ALR M RX LOS LINK Toshiba DOCSIS Cable Modems 6 ML-77 1 0 ML-7 71 0 M L-7 71 0 M L-7 71 0 ML-77 1 0 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 M L-7 7 10 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 7 10 ML- 77 10 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 M L-7 7 10 TX IN IT TRI G A LRM RX LOS 2 S Y S T E M S 13 TX I NI T Si n gle M od e Diplexer 12 TX I NIT Clas s 1 LAS E R P RODU CT 75 ohm RF Taps Por t S tre am La ye r Multi 8 TX INIT 1300nm Half-duplex Ethernet links, 1 per modem 7 TX INI T A LRM LINK Toshiba DOCSIS Cable Modems 6 TX I NI T TRIG RX LOS 23 5 M L-77 10 ML- 77 1 0 ML -7 71 0 M L-7 71 0 M L-77 10 ML-77 1 0 ML-7 71 0 M L-7 71 0 M L-77 1 0 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 M L-7 71 0 ML-7 7 10 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 ML-7 71 0 TX INI T 15227 Active Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Cable Modem Network with Fiber/Coax Converters Diplexer 3 TX 1 52 27 1 LINK DPL X IN IT T IG R LIN K DPLX 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100M 100 M 100M 100M 100M 10 0M 100M 100M 100M 100M PA US E P AUS E P AUS E PA US E P AUS E P AUS E P AU SE P A US E P AUS E P AUS E P AU SE P A US E P A US E P AUS E P AU SE P A USE N ET CO M SYST E M S NET C O M S YS T EM S N ET C O M SYS T EM S N E TC O M SYST EM S NE T CO M SYST E M S NET C O M S YS T EM S NET C O M SYS T EM S N E T CO M SYS T EM S NE T CO M SY ST E M S NET CO M SY ST EM S NET C O M SYS T EM S N E T CO M SYS T EM S NE T CO M SY ST EM S NE T CO M SY ST EM S NET C O M SYS T EM S N ET CO M SYS T EM S RX S ing l e M od e N E T CO M S YST E M S 23 = 23 dB Tap 3 Diplexer 4 Diplexer Broadband Access Systems Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch (CMTS) Wavetek Wandel Goltermann DominoFastEthernet Internetworking Analyzer DA-350 Carrier = 507 MHz Carrier 1 = 20.0 MHz Carrier 3 = 23.2 MHz Carrier 2 = 21.6 MHz Carrier 4 = 24.8 MHz Wavetek Wandel Goltermann DominoFastEthernet Internetworking Analyzer DA-350 Source: The Tolly Group, June 2000 1 = 36 km upstream, 36 km downstream, 81 modems active 2 = 15 km upstream, 9 km downstream, 84 modems active 3 = 18 km upstream, 18 km downstream, 104 modems active 4 = 15 km upstream, 9 km downstream, 104 modems active 2 Half-duplex Fast Ethernet links Figure 3 The Tolly Group gratefully acknowledges the providers of test equipment used in this project. Vendor Netcom Systems, Inc. Netcom Systems, Inc. Wavetek Wandel Goltermann Product SmartBits SMB-2000 SmartCableModem DominoFastEthernet Since its inception, The Tolly Group has produced highquality tests that meet three overarching criteria: All tests are objective, fully documented and repeatable. We endeavor to provide complete disclosure of information concerning individual product tests, and multiparty competitive product evaluations. As an independent organization, The Tolly Group does not accept retainer contracts from vendors, nor does it endorse products or suppliers. This open and honest environment assures vendors they are treated fairly, and with the necessary care to guarantee all parties that the results of these tests are accurate and valid. The Tolly Group has codified this into the Fair Testing Charter, which may be viewed at http://www.tolly.com. Web address http://www.netcomsystems.com http://www.netcomsystems.com http://www.wwg.com Project Profile Sponsor: Broadband Access Systems, Inc. Document number: 200212 Product class: Cable Data Modem switching Products under test: Cuda 12000 IP Access Switch Testing window: May 2000 Software versions tested: V. 1.0.0.cmts_cw14 9 2000_05_11_1423 Software status: Generally available For more information on this document, or other services offered by The Tolly Group, visit our World Wide Web site at http://www.tolly.com, send E-mail to [email protected], call (800) 933-1699 or (732) 528-3300. Internetworking technology is an area of rapid growth and constant change. The Tolly Group conducts engineering-caliber testing in an effort to provide the internetworking industry with valuable information on current products and technology. While great care is taken to assure utmost accuracy, mistakes can occur. In no event shall The Tolly Group be liable for damages of any kind including direct, indirect, special, incidental, and consequential damages which may result from the use of information contained in this document. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The Tolly Group doc. 200212 rev. clk 27 Jun 00 © 2000 The Tolly Group Page 4