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cdma450 Core Network
Betsy Kidwell
Chair, 3GPP2 TSG-X
Lucent Technologies
[email protected]
CDMA450 Evolution Seminar
Hosted by 3GPP2, CDG, and IA450
Warsaw, Poland
15 June 2004
Presentation Overview
• Network Evolution Drivers
– End User Needs
– Operator/Vendor Needs
• Network Evolution Goals
– IP Core Network
– Worldwide Roaming
– Security
• 3GPP2 Progress
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Harmonization Efforts
MMD
CDMA/GSM Roaming
Services
• Conclusion
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Network Evolution Drivers
• End User Needs
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Voice Services
High Speed Data
Easy Operation
Low Cost
High Quality
Bandwidth as appropriate
Worldwide roaming
Small/Multifunction device
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Network Evolution Drivers
• Operator/Vendor Needs
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Low cost of operation
Protection against theft of service
Profitable business
Worldwide access for their customers – via roaming or actual
network
– Simple billing and collection
– More spectrum
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Network Evolution Goals
• IP Core Network
– Voice and data services
• VoIP
• High speed data transfer
• Internet access
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Ease of service introduction
Lower maintenance
Standard protocols and services
Cross-technology interoperability
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Network Evolution Goals
• Worldwide Roaming
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CDMA/GSM circuit and packet roaming
IP cdma2000®1/UMTS roaming
Cross-technology roaming (wireless/WLAN)
Backwards compatible with legacy network (TIA-41, LMSD)
1 cdma2000® is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000® is a registered
trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA- USA) in the United States.”
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3GPP2 Progress
• Harmonization Efforts with 3GPP
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Decided to harmonize IP Core Network in April 2002
Core network now virtually identical
X.S0013-0 v1.0 aligned with 3GPP Release 5
X.S0013-A v1.0 will align with 3GPP Release 6
Harmonization applies to services as well as core network
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MMS
Push to Talk
Presence
Etc.
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Harmonized Architecture
3GPP
3GPP2
IP Multimedia
Subsystem
IP Multimedia
Domain
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
I-CSCF
HSS
I-CSCF
HSS
3GPP GPRS
Core Network
SGSN
3GPP2 Packet Data
Network
GGSN
PDSN
MIP HA
Core Network
Radio Access Network (RAN)
3GPP RAN
RNC
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Node-B
3GPP 2 RAN
BSC
BTS
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3GPP2 Progress
• 3GPP2/3GPP Differences
3GPP2
3GPP
Allows IPv4
Mandates IPv6
Allows home P-CSCF address on MS
(e.g. SIP URI, IP address) or use
DHCP
Special GPRS Procedure
Allows PDSN and P-CSCF to be located
in different networks (e.g., PDSN in
visited network, P-CSCF in home
network)
Requires GGSN and P-CSCF to be
in the same network
Smart cards optional
Smart cards required
Allows HTTP digest authentication
Other minor differences…
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3GPP2 Progress
• Harmonization Efforts with IETF
– Why
• Leveraging Internet products
• Easy to interwork with Internet services
• Flexible service creation
– How
• Close coordination with IETF on ID/RFC development
– 3GPP2/IETF Liaison
– IETF Dependency List
– Members actively participate in IETF
• Use of SIP, DIAMETER, IPv4, IPv6
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3GPP2 Progress
• Harmonization Efforts with OMA
– Proposal to transfer network independent aspects of MMS to
OMA
• On hold pending OMA IPR issue resolution
• Coordinated with similar transfer proposal from 3GPP
– Ongoing coordination on
• Presence
• Push to Talk
• IP based Location Services
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3GPP2 Progress
• MMD Functional Entities
– Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) – extension of the HLR
to include user data for the IP Multimedia Subsystem
• Access from the CSCF uses IETF protocols (DIAMETER)
– Call Session Control Function (CSCF) – provides call control functions
• Proxy CSCF
– SIP proxy server for the mobile, acting on behalf of the UE within IMS
– Forward messages between mobile and other SIP servers
• Serving CSCF
– SIP registrar, with cooperation from AAA (location server)
– Session control call state machine for the registered end-point
– Interaction with service platforms for service control, provides service triggers
• Interrogating CSCF
– Entry point from other networks
– Allocate or determine the S-CSCF
– May hide network topology
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3GPP2 Progress
• MMD Architecture
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
Mobile
Station
cdma2000
Packet Data
Network
I-CSCF
Remote
Access
Network
IP Networks
HSS/AAA
Remote
Station
Gateway
Application
Server
PSTN
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Remote
Station
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3GPP2 Progress
• MMD Protocol Stack
Applications
SIP
RTP
HTTP
IP Multimedia signaling and payload traffic
HTTP
UDP/TCP
SIP
RTP
UDP/TCP
IP
IP
PPP
IP
PPP
RLP
RLP
MAC
MAC
Physical Layer
Phys. Layer
Mobile Station
Cdma2000 RAN
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Applications
Lower
Layer
Protocols
PDSN
Lower
Layer
Protocols
Far-End System
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3GPP2 Progress
• MMD High Level Call Flow
Mobile
BSC/PCF
MSC
PDSN
AAA
HA
P-CSCF
Traffic
Channel
PPP setup and authentication
Mobile IP Registration
P-CSCF Discovery and MMD SIP Registration
MMD SIP Call Setup
MMD Media Bearer Setup
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3GPP2 Progress
• Release A Features
– Harmonization across different access technologies (e.g.,
3GPP, WLAN)
– Interworking between MMD and Internet
– Interworking between MMD and PSTN
– Presence
– Instant Messaging
– Conferencing
– Group management
– Interface between mobile and application server for service
data management
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3GPP2 Progress
• Evolution path to MMD
– Legacy MS Domain Support provides a step by step evolution
path from existing circuit networks to All IP networks
• LMSD Step 1 (X.S0012-0 v2.0) published March 2004
• LMSD Step 2 (X.P0025-0 v1.0) planned for publication 3Q04
• MMD Release A (X.P0013-A v1.0) provides support for circuit/packet
handoff with LMSD
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3GPP2 Progress
• CDMA/GSM Roaming
– Approved X.S0023, Network Interworking between GSM
MAP and TIA-41Networking, for publication in June 2004
• One way and two way circuit based service roaming
• SIM based operations
– X.P0003, TIA/EIA-41-D Network Enhancements to Support
CDMA SIM Roaming to GSM, approved for V&V in June
2004
• TIA-41 specific enhancements for one way and two way roaming
– New project X.P0023-A, CDMA/GPRS Data Roaming,
planned for publication 1Q05
• Enhances current roaming capabilities to include packet data as well as
circuit service
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3GPP2 Services
• Presence
– 3GPP/3GPP2/OMA focused on SIP/SIMPLE for Presence and
Instant Messaging
– SIP Subscribe/Notify and Message methods
– Watcher subscribes to presence events
– Work in progress
• SIP Publish to declare presence information
• XCAP to manage user data
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3GPP2 Services
• Presence Architecture
– CSCFs serve as watcher/presentity proxies
– Network may update presentity (via AAA interface or
presence user agent)
– IM Server and applications connect to CSCF proxies
(non-IMS/MMD implementations currently in use:
Wireless Village
SMS transport of AOL/Yahoo IM
etc.)
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3GPP2 Services
• Push to Talk (PTT)
– Several vendors have PTT solutions over cdma2000 1x
networks
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ZTE (Gota)
Huawei
Kodiak (RTX)
Motorola
HP/Togabi (PocketCHAT)
Qualcomm (QCHAT)
Ericsson
– Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) being addressed in OMA
• With 3GPP2 review and comment
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3GPP2 Services
• Broadcast/Multicast Service (BCMCS)
– Supported for both 3G1X and HRPD systems
– Efficient use of radio resources when transmitting to multiple
end users
– Operator has control over:
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Which programs are delivered to which part(s) of the network
Billing of user/content provider
Encryption of IP flows
Service offerings
– Pay per view movies
– Sporting events
– Streaming data (e.g., stock values, traffic
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3GPP2 Services
• BCMCS (continued)
– End user
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Needs a BCMCS capable device
Subscription for/ad hoc access to BCMCS service
Selects BCMCS programming (may be menu driven from device)
Receives BCMCS programming
Receives billing for BCMCS services
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3GPP2 Services
• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
– X.S0016-0 v1.0 (parts 000, 200, 310, 311, 340, 370) published
May 2003
– Aligned with 3GPP Release 5 MMS
– Supports Stage 3’s using
• OMA-WAP
• Inter-carrier Interworking
• VASP Interworking
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3GPP2 Services
• High Level MMS Architecture
Fixed Network
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Cellular Network
Internet
MMSE
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Cellular Network
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Cellular Network
rd
3 Party
Service
Provider
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3GPP2 Services
• MMS Architectural Elements
Message
store
MMS User
Agent
Mobile
Network
MMS
Server
User Databases
e.g. profiles,
subscription, HLR/
AAA
MMS
Relay
MMS VAS
Applications
External Server
Internet /
IP Network
MMSE
Mobile
Network
Mobile
Network B
MMS User
Agent
Wired EMail
Client
Roaming MMS
User Agent
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Conclusion
• Benefits of 3GPP2 Specifications
– Evolution path from circuit (TIA-41) networks to IP networks
– Standard service offerings
– Interoperability with other networks (e.g., GSM/UMTS,
WLAN)
– Economy of scale with common platforms and protocols
– Support for inter-technology roaming (allows worldwide
roaming)
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ACRONYMS
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3GPP/2: 3rd Generation Partnership Project/2
AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
AKA: Authentication and Key Agreement
AMR: Adaptive Multi-Rate
AS: Application Server
BCMCS: Broadcast Multicast Service
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function
BSC: Base Station Controller
BTS: Base Transceiver Subsystem
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
CS: Circuit Switched
CSCF: Call/Session Control Function
GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
GSM: Global System Mobile
GSN: GPRS Support Node
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
I-CSCF: Interrogating CSCF
IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
IM: Instant Messaging
IP: Internet Protocol
MAP: Mobile Application Part
MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function
MGW: Media Gateway
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MMD: IP Multi-Media Domain
MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service
MRF: Multimedia Resource Function
MS: Mobile Station
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
OMA: Open Mobile Alliance
PCF: Packet Control Function
P-CSCF: Proxy CSCF
PDSN: Packet Data Serving Node
PoC: Push-to-Talk over Cellular
PS: Packet Switched
PTT: Push-to-Talk
QoS: Quality of Service
RAN: Radio Access Network
RLP: Radio Link Protocol
RTP: Real-time Transmission Protocol
S-CSCF: Serving CSCF
SDP: Session Description Protocol
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
UE: User Equipment
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System
WCDMA: Wideband CDMA
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Supplementary Slides
• WLAN
• Security
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Wireless LAN Interworking Capability
• Four scenarios have been identified for the WLAN
Interworking capability.
– Scenario 1: Common Billing and Customer Care
– Scenario 2: 3GPP2 System Based Access Control
– Scenario 3: Access to 3GPP2 Packet Data Services via the
WLAN System
– Scenario 4: Session Continuity
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Wireless LAN Interworking Capability
• Phase 1 Efforts in 3GPP2 will focus on Scenarios 1
and 2.
• WLAN Interworking Requirements Document
S.P0087 is under review and comment
• Stage 2 and Stage 3 text (X.P0028)is under
development in 3GPP2 TSG-X WG3.1 with a
scheduled completion of 2Q04.
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Wireless LAN Interworking Reference Model
3GPP2
Home Netw ork
Broker Netw ork
(0 or more)
Database
2
H-AAA
2
B-AAA
MS
1
W-AAA
Internet
WLAN
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3GPP2-WLAN Interworking Architecture for Scenario 2
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Wireless LAN Interworking Reference Model
• H-AAA: AAA in a home 3GPP2 Network. Authenticates and Authorizes
the MS for access to the 3GPP2-WLAN interworking service.
• B-AAA: AAA in a broker network. An intermediate network between the
WLAN and 3GPP2 home network. May be 0, 1 or more.
• W-AAA: The AAA in the WLAN, if available, interacts with the MS’s HAAA server to authenticate and authorize the MS for WLAN access.
• Database - The database is in the MS’s 3GPP2 home network where
authentication and subscriber service profile information is stored.
• WLAN: The Wireless Local Area Network supports 802.11 types of
accesses. It may support 802.1x and/or 802.11i. The topology of the WLAN
is outside the scope of a 3GPP2 specification.
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Wireless LAN Interworking Capability
• Work is currently focused on choosing an
Authentication and Key bootstrapping method for
Authentication of a mobile accessing a WLAN and
authenticated by a 3GPP2 system.
• Several authentication methods using EAP are under
consideration as well as several keying methods.
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Network Security
• MMD Security Architecture
– Several Layers of Security
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Access Network
Packet Data Network
Mobile IP (if used)
MMD Security Association MS to P-CSCF (TLS, Digest, IPSec)
End-to-end Security (optional, not specified)
– MMD Security also includes network interfaces (CSCF-AAA)
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Network Security
• MMD Security Architecture
End-to-End Security Association (optional)
IMS Security Association
IMPU
NAI
MIP MN-HA Authentication (Mobile IP)
CHAP (Simple IP) / MIP FAC (Mobile IP)
NAI
AAA
AAA
CAVE / AKA
Auth.
Center
IMSI
Mobile
Station
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BSC/PCF
PDSN
Home Agent
CSCF
Far-End
Terminal
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