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BBio 351: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology I Fall 2015 Worksheet for Lab 7: sheep brain & cranial nerves – KEY Grading: 10 points total – 0.5 points for general participation and 9.5 points for the specific questions marked below. Superficial structures of the sheep brain 1. On the diagram below (from your textbook), clearly label the four lobes of the cerebral cortex and list one sensory modality processed by each. Also label the ventricles (lateral, third, fourth). Note: taste is a tricky one. At least some of it is localized to the frontal lobe, but some is in the insular lobe, an area where the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes converge. 2. On the diagram below (from http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/, which got it from http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/, which got it from P. Cull’s Sourcebook of Medical Illustration), clearly label the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus (you can color them different colors, shade them, etc.) and list the type of information processed by each. Also label the medulla, pons, and cerebellum and list a function of each. (The figure is not completely unambiguous with respect to the gyri. You look for the central sulcus; the gyri are on either side of it. Below is one possibility.) 3. Where are the superior colliculi and inferior colliculi located? List a function of each. [3 pts. – 1 per bullet] 1 BBio 351: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology I Fall 2015 They are located in the midbrain / in the brainstem / anterior to the cerebellum / etc. The superior colliculus processes visual information. The inferior colliculus processes auditory information. 4. What is the pupillary light reflex? In this reflex, which cranial nerve carries the sensory input, and which carries the motor (muscular) output? This reflex adjusts the size of the pupil in response to the intensity of incoming light. Cranial nerve II (optic nerve) carries the sensory input. Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) carries the motor output. Internal structures of the sheep brain 5. Label the following structures in the diagram below (from E.N. Marieb et al., Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual): Cingulate gyrus ● Medulla and pons Corpus callosum, genu, splenium ● Pineal gland Fornix ● Pituitary gland Hippocampus ● Septum pellucidum Hypothalamus ● Thalamus Inferior and superior colliculi Some structures might not have a label line, and you will not use all label lines. 6. Name a substance produced by the pineal gland, and a function of this substance. [1 pt.] Melatonin – regulates GnRH release according to day length. 7. List two important general functions of the hypothalamus. Secretes tropic hormones that control release of anterior pituitary hormones. Regulates many physiological variables (temperature, osmolarity, etc.) via negative feedback. 2 BBio 351: Principles of Anatomy & Physiology I Fall 2015 8. What is the overall function of the thalamus? [1 pt.] Relays and processes most sensory information on its way to the cerebral cortex. 9. What is the overall function of the hippocampus? Helps create and store new memories 10. Instructor’s initials for check of internal sheep brain structures: _[1 pt.]_ Cranial nerves 11. Label cranial nerves I, II, III, V, and VI on the diagram of a ventral view of a sheep brain (taken from E.N. Marieb et al., Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual). [2.5 points: 0.5 points for each correct answer.] 12. Fill in the cranial nerve table below. # Name of cranial nerve I II III IV V Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Sensory, Motor, or Both? Sensory Sensory Motor Motor Both Function (brief) Hole(s) in cranium Smell Vision Control of eye muscles Control of eye muscles Facial senses, chewing Cribriform foramina Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure Superior orbital fissure (ophthalmic branch), foramen rotundum (maxillary branch), foramen ovale (mandibular branch) – weren’t expected to name the branches 13. Instructor’s initials, verifying completion of pipe cleaner exercise: _[1 pt.]_ 3