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Abstracts of Papers
Results: SgA concentration correlated with the severity and nature of
AHS. The SgA concentration reduced twice at the disease height: in
the mild cases 3.0±0.2 mg/ml, in the moderate cases 2.3±0.5 mg/ml,
in severe cases 2.1±0.3 mg/ml compared with healthy children. During
recovery indices were significantly lower than the norm 5.0±0.3 mg/
ml in mild cases, 4.6±0.3 mg/ml in moderate cases and 3.9±0.2 mg/
ml in severe cases. Concentrations of lysozyme (mild cases 22.1±0.1
mkg/ml in the period of stomatitis appearance and 66±0.1 mkg/ml
during recovery; moderate cases 19±0.2 mkg/ml and 48±0.1 mkg/
ml respectively) reflected severity of the disease. Conclusion: Local
immunity indices in the oral cavity makes the use of local immunocorrectors in complex AHS therapy pathogenetically reasonable.
5. POSTERS WITHOUT DISCUSSION
PND1. Dental caries among 12-year-old children
in northern Poland.
K. Emerich*, B. Adamowicz-Klepalska. Dept. Paediatric Dentistry,
Medical University Gdansk, Poland
Aim: In 1987, 1995, 2003 and 2007 dental surveys were carried
out in the Gdansk region of Poland investigating the prevalence
of dental caries in 12-year-old school children. Method: Sampling
and examination were performed according to WHO standards. A
sample of 180 children in 1987, 1995, 2003 were selected from different living environments of a city and rural area around the city. In
2007 a sample of 300 children was examined. Results: The caries
prevalence (% of caries-free children) and caries experience (mean
DMFT scores) changed in some groups significantly in the period
from 1987-2007. However, there was big change in caries experience in children living in a rural area. The average DMFT score of all
12-year-olds dropped from 4.07 in 1987 to 3.75 in 2007. Conclusion: Because of scarce public resources for oral health care and
current caries trends in Poland, a national health policy emphasizing
prevention rather then curative care is needed.
PND 2. DMF structure in 12-year-old
children in Belgrade elementary schools.
V. Zdravkovic*, J. Tekic, G. Puletic-Lukic, et al. Colgate Palmolive
Adria, Dental School, Centre of public health care, Belgrade, Serbia.
Aim: This was to determine a DMF structure and a state of oral
health among 5thgrade students attending elementary schools in
Belgrade, Serbia. Method: A parallel analysis of epi-emiological
data obtained during two research periods: in 1999 and in 2007. A
systematic check-up of the 5th-graders from Belgrade elementary
schools was utilized as a research instrument. During a check-up, a
dental probe and a dental mirror were used, under a reflective lighting. An evaluation was done, based on a parallel analysis, a value
of static coefficient of DMF structure index and a progression of
tooth decay in both generations of the fifth graders. Results: DMF
structure among the 5th-graders in 1999 was: Among 427 children,
of both genders, subjects of a check-up, ages 11-12 (attending the
fifth grade), out of 11,524 teeth present at the time, affected by caries were 321 (24.54), extracted teeth 237 (18.1%), teeth with fillings
750 ( 57.3%). There were 1308 DMF. 2007. Among 834 children, of
both genders, subjects of a check-up, ages 11-12 (attending a 5thgrade), out of 22,527 teeth present at the time, affected by caries
were 596 ( 20.9%), extracted teeth 638 (22.3%), teeth with fillings
1622 ( 56.89%). There were 2856 DMF. Conclusion: The state of
oral health comes as a result of improper application of hygienic,
dietary and health education measures at this age. Continual implementation of health education measures and early treatment of caries on the first permanent molars is a priority when work
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
PND 3. Checkup: Oral and dentalat 7-years old
urban and rural children.
T. Saulic, et al.. Faculty of Medicine in Podgorica, Public Health
Institution Podgorica, Montenegro.
Aim: This was to determinate temporary teeth DMFT structure and
to assess if there was distinction in caries dispersion in urban and
rural areas. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in October-November 2005. It included the checkups of 988 6 year old
children (300 from rural and 688 from urban areas). For the elaboration of the data oral health indices and statistical test were used. Results: Average number of teeth with caries per a examinee for children of this age was DMFT-1,95. Children in urban areas had lower
values DMFT-1.5 in relation with children in rural areas DMFT-2.09.
Percentage of teeth with caries were higher of children in rural areas
D-95.3% in relation with children in urban areas D-90.2%. As for
filled teeth percentage is higher of children in urban areas D-9.7%
in relation with children in rural areas D-4.7%. Conclusion: Children
in rural areas had caries more often than children in urban areas
and higher percentage filled teeth with caries than children in urban
areas. Importance of nowdays preventive measures and programs
needs to be underlined in order to improve and maintain oral health
state.
PND 4. Caries prevalence of First Permanent
Molars in Children.
E.S. Boyarkina*, L.P. Kiselnikova. Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Russia.
Aim: This was to study intensity, clinical course features of fissure
caries in children at the age from 6 to 12 years old. Method: 313
children were clinically examined at the age from 6 to12, according
to the WHO criteria. Results: DMF (mean) was 2.7. Decayed teeth
prevailed (D=.2, F=0.5, M=0). Fissure sealants were revealed in 5%
children. Intensity level of fissure caries was very low at the age of
6 (DF=0.9 (D=0,,7; F=0.2)) and was mean at the age of 12 (DF=2.9
(D=2.3; F=0.0.). By the age of 12 more often caries occurred in central and distal pits (54.4% and 36.8%), on all fissures of occlusal surface (24.2%) of upper М1; on all fissures of occlusal surface (72%),
distal pit (2.8%) and buccal pit (29%) of lower М1. Conclusions: 1.
High caries affection level was revealed, the first role in its structure
played caries lesion of first permanent molars (it more often took
place in central and distal pits of upper and lower М1). By the age
of 12 caries extended on all fissures of occlusal surface. 2. Preventive resin restoration is indicated on early stages of fissure caries to
preserve unaffected tooth tissues as much as possible.
PND 5. Longitudinal study of oral health in
pre-school children: three years study of caries
experience.
R. Ivančaková1*, Z. Broukal,2, E. Lenčová2, et al. 1Dept.Paed. Den-
tistry, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. Hosp., Hradec Králové. 2Institute of
Dent. Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
Aim: To collect basic knowledge on factors influencing primary prevention and caries experience in pre-school children. Method: Caries experience, dental status, oral hygiene and salivary levels of cariogenic streptococci were examined in the 3 years prospective study
among older pre-school children in relation to the dynamic of caries
increment and with regard to the educational level of their mothers. Criteria for including the child in the study: informed consent of
parents, no systemic disease of the child. Children were examined
using standard methodology recommended by WHO. Parameters
calculated: % caries free, dt, dmft, ri, sci, presence of dental plaque
on upper incisors. Results: Mean caries increment between second
and third year of study did not differ significantly amounting to 0.3
Abstracts of Papers
new decayed teeth per year however it was highest among children
caries free in the onset of study. Higher caries experience significantly positively correlated with the presence of dental plaque and
in the final of study also with the salivary levels of cariogenic streptococci. Mothers of caries free children assigned significantly higher
educational level than those of children with tooth decay and on the
contrary the proportion of children at need of restorative care was
highest among mothers with elementary education level. Conclusion: There is a need of effective primary preventive intervention in
pre-school children. The educational level of mothers can be taken
as one of important causes of the inequalities in oral health of children. Supported by Grant No. NR/8331-3, Grant Agency, Ministry
of Health, CZ.
PND 6. Dental caries in permanent teeth of
children, living in the area of endemic fluorosis.
S. S. Bogomolova , L. P. Kiselnikova, Dept of Children’s Therapeutic
Stomatology, SMSU, Moscow, Russia
Aim: This was to study the prevalence and the intensity of dental
caries in permanent teeth of children, living in the area of endemic
fluorosis. Method: A random sample was selected of 25 children,
aged 7 to 10 yrs of age, living in the area which contains high concentration of fluoride (F) in water supply (Moscow Region, the city
of Odintsovo). F-concentration for this city is 3.5 mg/L. Results: Examination of 25 children, aged 7 to 10 yrs revealed different forms of
dental fluorosis (13 children had very mild fluorosis, 9 – mild fluorosis,
and 3 children had severe fluorosis). The prevalence of caries was 76
% (19 persons of 25 in total). According to the grading of the World
Health Organization such prevalence of caries (31-80 %) is considered as mild. The caries DMFT index was 2.32. Examination of the
state of permanent teeth of children, living in the area of endemic
fluorosis revealed that tooth decay occurrence was much more frequent for permanent molars. Localization of caries was observed on
the occlusal, vestibular surfaces and on the crown tubercles as well.
Conclusion: The destructive form of dental fluorosis accompanied
by the tooth decay is very common for permanent teeth of children
living in the area of endemic fluorosis
PND 7. Early age children caries and its’
complications.
A. V. Tokareva*, L. P. Kiselnikova, MSMSU, Children Clinic “Dental
Fantasy”, Moscow, Russia.
Aim: To evaluate the caries treatment in early age children. Method:
Examination and treatment under GA of 25 children in the age 1.5
– 4.5 yeas including 9 children in the age of 1.5 – 3 years and 16
children of 3.1 – 4.5 years were carried out on the bases of Clinic
“Dental Fantasy”. Results: Maxillary incisors and first molars caries
among children in the age of 1.5-3 years. Index dmf composed 6.5.
Upper incisors, canines, the first and the second upper and lower
molars caries was revealed among children in the age of 3.1-4.5
years. Index dmf equals to 13.5. During treatment of children in the
age 1.5 – 4.5 yeas conditions in 62% of cases restorations of teeth
on caries and its’ complications occasion. Endodontic treatment
was required in 25% of cases and in 13% of teeth were extracted.
During treatment among children of 3.1 – 4.5 years teeth restorations
were done in 67%, endodental treatment was carried out in 62% of
cases including 83% by extirpation method and in 17% of cases
pulp amputation was done. 33% of affected teeth were extracted on
the occasion of chronicle periodontitis. Conclusion: A large requirement is for restoration measures and prosthetic dentistry is required
during the period of formed temporary occlusion.
PND 8. Characteristics of Children Attending
Emergency Dental Clinic at a Hospital in Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia.
M. Al-Malik*, R. Al- Zohairy, Dental Dept., Armed Forces Hospital,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Objective: This was to investigate the characteristics of children
presenting for emergency dental care at Armed Forces Hospital,
Jeddah. Method: Data were collected over 4 weeks period for all
children under 15 years old visiting the centre: day of presentation,
session of the day, sex, age, medical history, source of referral, diagnosis and treatment provided. Results: 192 children attended the
centre during the period of the study (93 male, 99 female). Number
of children visiting the hospital was higher on Saturday, which is the
first day of the week (50 patients). The largest percentage of patients
attended the morning sessions (92%). 42% were patients attending
for the first time whereas 57% attended as follow-up. 85% were
self refereed compared to 15% refereed by others clinics. Main reason for visiting the clinic was caries (79%). 69% received definitive
treatment for their dental problem. Conclusion: There is a need to
educate parents for the importance of early attendance of the child
to the dentist to start preventive measures and early treatment when
necessary is stressed.
PND 9. The complications of untreated caries
and pulpar infections in children of Kosova.
T. Ademaj*, et al.. Dept Pediatric Dent, Dent School, Med Faculty,
Univ Prishtina
Aim: To determine the prevalence of complications of untreated
caries in children of Kosova. Method: The examination included
707 children, 541 school and 166 preschool children. The dental
examination was done in the dental offices of three primary schools
and of one kindergarten. The periapical changes were assessed using retroalveolar radiographic images. The dental examination was
based on the criteria of World Health Organization for oral health
assessment. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.7 ± 3.4
(mean ± SD). The mean of the teeth present was 24.0 ± 2.2. Mean
dmft was 6.4 for preschool, and DMFT 5.8 for school children. The
prevalence of complications as a result of untreated caries and pulpar infections was 17.9%. The commonest complications were: apical chronic periodontitis with or without fistula, pulpar necrosis and
gangrene, abscess, phlegmona, etc. The complications were found
more in the mandibula (54.3%), than in maxilla (45.7%). The tooth
most affected with complications of the permanent dentition was
the first molar (66.1%), and of the primary dentition was the second
molar (41.6%). The Oral Hygiene Index showed the presence of the
dental plaque in 64% of the children. Conclusion: The consequences deriving from the untreated caries and pulpar infections in our
children are very grave. The teeth affected with these complications
are usually extracted, due to the lack of treatment of the caries and
pulpar pathologies. There is no preventive measures undertaken to
prevent caries.
PND 10. Application of radiological methods
in diagnosis and treatment of pulpitis in
temporary teeth.
L. P. Kiselnikova*, O. S. Kovylina, I. Scherbina. Moscow State Univ.
of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.
Aim: To examine the possible applications of radiological methods
in diagnosis and treatment of pulpitis in temporary teeth. Method:
This method has been used during the examination of 255 temporary molars with children aged 4 to 7. Normally in intact temporary
teeth an optical density of bone tissue is not lower than 192 units,
according to the results of densitometry. Results: These data of
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
Abstracts of Papers
densitometry have been used to determine the indications for optimal treatment methods in pulpitis of temporary teeth. We recommend to use pulpotomy for treatment of pulpits of multiroot teeth
with developed roots; without physiological resorbtion and limited
between 192 till 128 units of optical density of the initial densitometric index in the area of bifurcation. According to our data the number of complications after pulpitis treatment using the method of
pulpotomy is 3.5% (2 years after treatment). We recommend to use
method of devitalized amputation with the following mummification
of the crown pulp for treatment of pulpits of multiroot teeth with developed roots and limited between 128 till 64 units of optical density
of the initial densitometric index. The number of complications after
2 years is 2%. We recommend to use pulpectomy for treatment one
root teeth and pulpitis of multiroot with the initial densitometric index
of optical density under 64 units in the explored area. The number of
complications after 2 year is 0.7%. Conclusion: We recommend using densitometry to determine the degree of changes in periodontal
tissue and determine the indications for optimal treatment methods
in pulpitis of temporary teeth
PND 11. The frequency and patency of accessory
canals in furcation areas of primary molars.
H. S. Noh*, T. S. Jeong H. S. Lee, et al., Dept Pediatric Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
Aim: This was to investigate the morphological characteristics of
accessory canals at pulpal floor and furca areas of primary molars
including their frequency and patency, which plays as connecting
channel and is known as the main etiology of complicating the pulpal diseases in children. Method: 40 primary molars without any resorption of furca area were selected and sectioned for the specimen
suitable to evaluate the accessory canals from pulpal floor, furca
area and longitudinally. These were observed under SEM to investigate the frequency. And their patency as a connecting channel was
evaluated after dye penetration with vacuum pressure by observing under stereo-microscope. Results: In SEM study, the frequency
of accessory foramina viewed from the furca and pulpal floor was
60% and 35% respectively. Likewise the diameter of the accessory
canals at orifice area was within the range of 11~107㎛ and 12~62
㎛ respectively. The frequency of patent accessory canals connecting between pulp and furca evidenced by dye penetration was 50%
among the 20 specimen teeth tested. Conclusion: The accessory
canals at furca area seemed to play a significant role in pulp-furca
combined pathoses in primary molars.
PND 12. Microbiological assessment of polymer
& conventional carbide bur in caries removal:
in vivo.
A. Ölmez*, E. Erdemli, G. Akça, et al. Dept. Paediatric Dentistry,
School of dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey.
Aim: This was to study the microbiological effectiveness of a polymer and conventional carbide bur in caries removal. Method: Participants consisted of 24 patients (16 boys, 8 girls) aged 5 to 9 years
that presented with two carious lesions on the occlusal surfaces of
primary molars requiring no access drilling throughout enamel. One
of the primary molars was excavated with smartbur, other carious
primary molar with carbide bur in the same appointment. Sample taking and caries removing have been done in this way; (1) first sample
(from the carious dentine), (2) caries removal (by smartbur or carbide
bur), (3) second sample (from the caries-free dentine), respectively.
After caries removal, restorative procedures were finished. For microbiological procedures, Tryptone-yeast extract-cysteine-sukrozbacitracin agar for the isolation of mutans streptococci (MS), Rogosa
Lactobacilli Selective Agar for the isolation of lactobacilli, blood agar
for the isolation of aerob microorganisms and Schaedler agar for the
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
isolation of anaerob microorganisms were used. After counting the
colonies on the agar plates, number of CFU/ml was calculated. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the numbers
of CFU between before and after preparation for both types of burs
(p<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between
the numbers of CFU in the carious dentin, comparing the polymer
and carbide bur group for all the media used (p>0.05). Conclusion:
The polymer bur is as effective as the conventional bur microbiologically in caries removal
PND 13. Microstructure of enamel and dentine
in primary teeth after the preparation with
different burs.
T. V. Fedulova*, L. P. Kiselnikova, E. A. Skatova. Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, Department of Children Therapeutic
stomatology, Moscow, Russia.
Aim: This was to compare assessment of enamels and dentine’s surfaces of primary teeth, prepared with different shape burs. Method:
It was studying a sections of hard tissues like enamel and dentine’s
surfaces with scanning electronic microscope after the preparation
with different types of burs: tungsten carbide with 6 cutting sides;
diamond dental drill with ISO 534 – green stripe; diamond dental drill
with ISO 524 –red stripe. Results: The enamel of primary tooth had
a microscope and splits after the preparation with hard-alloy burs.
This outcome we revealed only with the usage of hard-alloy dental
drills. Scanning microscope helps to see uneven, arraigner, rough
dentine. This rind of burs cut the dentine, formed a big notches.
In the contrary, after the preparation with diamond dental drill with
green-mark, the enamel surface displays the smooth edge with out
cracks and notches in the opposite the dentine’s structure has rough
shape with little notches and sulkies. The dentine structure is the
same as the one the hard-alloy burs preparation. After diamond drill
preparation with red-mark, the enamel surface of primary tooth appears to be smooth, even, uniform, without splits and cracks. The
dentine’s structure is smooth, even with little notches. They are less,
then after the preparation with green-mark. Conclusion: The primary teeth preparation with us age of diamond bur with green-mark
is the universe and optimal method.
PND 14. Electric voltages and currents between
amalgam and stainless steel tongue jewellery in
vitro and in vivo.
T. Tomaževič1*, D. Miklavčič2, G. Pucihar2,et al. 1Faculty of Medi-
cine, 2Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana,
Slovenia.
Aim: This was to evaluate the magnitude of electric voltages and currents between amalgam and stainless steel tongue jewellery (SSTJ)
used for piercing. Method: The ball of the SSTJ was sunk into artificial saliva together with the ball of the same diameter made of five
different amalgam brands. Electric voltages and currents between
the pairs were measured. Similar measurements were performed in
ten subjects with tongue piercing and amalgam filling on lower first
molar. Results: Except for one amalgam brand, the voltages between amalgam and SSTJ, measured in vitro, decreased with time
from –189.00 mV (SD 108.07) at the beginning of the measurement
to –161.60 mV (SD 115.67) one hour later. The currents decreased
with time as well, from –6.38 μA (SD 4.31) at the beginning of the
measurement to –0.56 μA (SD 0.72) and –0.43μA (SD 0.51) after one
minute and ten minutes, respectively. In vivo, the mean voltage of
–37.5 mV (SD 66.05) was measured. The mean current was –1.33
μA (SD 6.05) at the beginning of the measurement and –0.08 μA (SD
0.07) after one minute. Conclusion: The existence of electric voltages between amalgam and SSTJ was demonstrated in vitro and in
vivo. In vitro measurements showed their decrease with time. After
Abstracts of Papers
the contact between amalgam and SSTJ, there was also a measurable current detected, which decreased rapidly. The voltages and
currents were smaller in vivo than in vitro, probably due to the presence of a pellicle on the fillings and pasivisation of the amalgam
surface
PND15. Microleakage of class V resin composite
restorations after conventional and Er YAG Laser
preparation in primary teeth.
A. Vanden-Abbeele*, R. Atash. Dept. Operative (paediatric) Dentistry,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Aim: To compare the mircoleakage of class V resin composite restorations following Er YAG Laser or conventional preparation. Method:
60 class V cavities with conventional bevel produced on the buccal
surfaces of primary bovine incisors, and randomly divided to four
group (n=15) Group I: T adper Scotch bond SE, Group II: Futurabond DC, Group III: AdheSE One, Group IV: Clearfil SE Bond. 60
class V cavities with ER YAG Laser produced on the buccal surfaces
of primary bovine incisor and randomly divided to four group (n=15),
Group V: T Adper Scotch bond SE, Group VI: Futurabond DC, Group
VII: AdheSE One, Group VIII: Clearfil SE Bond. All cavities were restored with Filtek supreme plus. After thermocycling and immersion
in 2 % methyl bleu the dye penetration were evaluated under a microscope. All date were analyzed by Kruskall-wallis test and Dunn’s
multiple comparison. Results: The best seal was obtained by group
V (adper Scotch bond SE + Laser Er YAG). Significant difference
were recorded in the microleakage degree between the 2 types of
cavity preparation (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Er YAG Laser treatment
is recommended for composite restoration in class V cavities in primary teeth.
PND16. Effect of Er YAG Laser on microleakage
of contemporary adhesive to enamel and to
dentine.
F. Bashirtash*1, A. Vande abbeele 2, R. Atash1,2, 1Centre Dentaire
Montjoie, 2Dept.(Paediatric Dentistry, ULB, Belgium.
Aim: To investigate the microleakage in class V cavities following Er
YAG Laser or conventional preparation restored with new bonding
adhesive systems. Method: 60 class V cavities were assigned to 4
groups: Group I : T Adper Scotch bond SE, Group II: Futurabond,
Group III: AdheSE One, Group IV: Clearfil SE bond. All cavities were
restored with composite Fillek supreme after thermocycling and immersion in 2 % Methyl bleu, the dye penetration were evaluated
under a microscope. Results: Statistically significant differences
between enamel and cementum margin were observed (P < 0.05). In
enamel and in cementum the best seals were obtained with T Adper
Scotch bond SE to followed by clearfil SE bond, Futurabond and
AdheSE One. Conclusion: Among the different adhesive systems
used in this study, T Adper Scotch bond SE provide the best seal in
enamel and the cementum margins.
PND 17. Technique of detecting and reducing of
dental phobia.
A.V. Sevbitov, I. M. Makeeva, A. S. Bryzgalov et al. Moscow Medical
Sechenov Academy, Moscow, Russia.
Aim: To identify those factors which influence a patient’s psychological condition at the time of the dental appointment and to work
out a system of measures to correct dental anxiety. Method: We
examined 103 people 45 of which were under 18 years old and 68 of
them were of age from 14 to 17 years old. All of those patients had
clear signs of dental anxiety. Our investigation was carried out in the
FGU MNII Clinic of Pediatrics and Children’s Surgery of the Russian
Ministry of Public Health. Questioning was performed using special
scales. During this investigation each time we carried out: common
inspection, measuring pulse rate and blood pressure, determination
psychological state of patients. Also we observed patient’s reaction to dentist’s actions at the time of dental appointment. Results:
Almost 86% of patients of age from 14 to 16 years old and 75% of
patients older 18 years old have clinically important stomatological
phobia. In younger age group (14-17 years old) 12% of patients and
in elder age group (older 18 years old) 25% of patients used pharmacotherapy Not only psychosomatics but also questioning using
special technique is useful for detection of patient’s anxiety level.
Conclusion: Psychological treatment is more effective in younger
age group. Patients with stomatophobia in elder age group need
pharmacotherapy more than a younger age group.
PND 18. CASE REPORT. Treatment with local
analgesia of a child previously treated under GA.
C. Cuadros*, A. Lorente, F. Guinot, L. Bellet. Dept Paediatric
Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universitat Intern. de Catalunya,
Barcelona, Spain.
Background: General anesthesia (GA) is the elected treatment if the
patient requires immediate, comprehensive dental care. The decision to perform dental treatment under GA is based upon age, ability
to cooperate in a normal setting, medical status, and extent of treatment required. Many patients who undergo GA for dental treatment
do not follow-up with 6-month recall exams, this may be associated
with the outcome of GA. Case report: a male of 5 years old who
was treated under GA because of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) one
year and a half ago. He was referred to Universitat Internacional de
Catalunya children’s clinic because of recurrent caries. Intraoral examination and radiographs showed absence of 54 and 64. There
was occlusal caries in 55, 53, 51, 61, 65, 83 and 85. Teeth 34 and 44
showed affectation because of infection in teeth 74 and 84. Treatment: all restorative and surgical procedures were done under local
analgesia. All decayed teeth 55, 53, 51, 61 and 83 were restored
with composite. Pulpectomy of tooth 65 was done because of necrosis. Pulpotomy of 85 with MTA was performed. Teeth 55, 65, 75
and 85 were restored with preformed metal crowns. Teeth 74 and 84
were extracted previous antibiotic prophylaxis. A Nance appliance
and a lower lingual arch were placed in order to maintain space.
Follow-up: 6 months after the initial examination the patient remains
in good oral condition. This case illustrates the need for periodic
controls after treatment under GA and making the parents aware of
the importance of a good oral hygiene after dental treatment.
PND 19. CASE REPORT. Exposure and bonding
of a maxillary impacted canine of an adolescent
under IV sedation.
L. Matharu*. Dental Institute Paediatric Dentistry Department,
King’s College Hospital, London, UK.
Background: Maxillary canine impaction has an incidence of 1
in 100 in the general population, ranging between 1% and 3% of
patients. A palatally impacted canine is commonly exposed and
bonded as part of orthodontic treatment, frequently under general
anaesthesia. A report from the Standing Committee on Sedation for
Dentistry 2007 states that intravenous sedation (IV) using a single
agent may be an alternative technique in conscious sedation for
children. Recognised and acceptable standards should be followed
by a trained professional. Currently there are not enough IV sedation
studies in children and more evidence based trials are needed. Case
report: A 14 year old boy, ASA II was referred to The Paediatric Dental Department for exposure and bonding of the palatally placed 23.
On examination patient seemed cooperative, however he was anxious regarding this surgical procedure, as he never had any previous
dental treatment. Parents opposed to their son having a general an57
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
Abstracts of Papers
aesthesia. Treatment: Following standard pre-sedation procedures,
a cannula was inserted on the right anterior cubital fossa and 6 mg
of midazolam titrated to achieve adequate sedation. Surgical exposure and bonding of the 23 was carried out and patient was taken to
recovery and later discharged home with no adverse or side effects
reported. Follow-up: The 23 was successfully positioned as part of
the orthodontic treatment. Patient has no recollection of the surgical procedure and is now a candidate for routine dental treatment
requiring no longer conscious sedation.
PND 20. Behaviour management by the in vivo
imitation technique in infant patients with
small capacity for co-operation.
V. B. T. Antunes*, F. G. Jimeno, L. J. B. Dalmau. Universitat Intern.
de Catalunya, Spain.
Aim: This was to evaluate if there is an upgrade on the behaviour
and reduction on anxiety in children with small capacity for co-operation during conventional dental treatment after the In Vivo Imitation
Technique application. Method: 20 children between 4 and 9 years
old. A control group was taken with children with small capacity for
co-operation in dental situations that needed a visit for restoration
treatment, and an experimental group comprehended by children
with small capacity for co-operation before the circumstances and/
or dental environment that require at least 2 visits for restoration
treatment. The patient type was deter-mined by data registered on
the clinical history as repeated experiences of disrupted behaviour
and/or have shown dental anxiety problems to identify the no cooperation group. As for the children who assisted to the Magister in
Integral Odonto-paediathry of the International University of Catalunya for the first time, a routinely clinical history was performed
having special attention in the child’s attitude during the intrabucal
exploration. Some variables were taken and compared: child’s anxiety autoevaluated before and after the treatment and the application
of the In Vivo Imitation Technique, and the patient’s global behaviour
during every visit. Results: Some statistically significant differences
were found concerning the child’s global behavior perceived by the
dentist and the anxiety autoevaluated by the child before and after the application of the In Vivo Imitation Technique. Conclusion:
The In Vivo Imitation Technique as a learning method for proper behaviour and modification of the inadequate conduct in the dental
environment proves to be valid in order to achieve co-operation in
children with dental anxiety.
PND 21. Effectivness of premedication agents
admin-istered prior to nitrous oxide/oxygen
sedation.
Ö. Baygin1*, H. Bodur1, B. Isik2. 1s. Paediatric Dentistry Dept., 2Oral
& Maxillo Facial Surgery, Gazi Univ., Fac. Dentisty, Ankara, Turkey.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral premedication with different agents on children scheduled for dental treatment under nitrous
oxide/oxygen(N2O/O2) sedation. Method: After ethic committee’s
approval and parental informed consent, 60 healthy children aged
between 5-8 years, having no sedation or GA experience and incompliant with dental treatment (Frankl Behavior Scale≥3) were enrolled to this study. Children were randomly assigned to 4 groups.
The treatment regimes were as follows: oral administration of 1mgr/
kg-1 Hydroxizine hydrochloride suspension 1 hour preoperatively
(GroupI, n=15), oral administration of 0.7 mg.kg-1 Midazolam HCl
15 minutes preoperatively (GroupII,n=15), oral administration of
3mg.kg-1 ketamine+0.25 mg.kg-1 Midazolam HCl 15 minutes preoperatively (GroupIII,n=15) and no oral premedication was administered to the control group (GroupIV, n=15). Following premedication, 40%N2O and 60%O2 were administered to all groups.
Sedation depth was evaluated using Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS)
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
and data were recorded at 5-minute intervals. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Q-square and Friedman
tests(p<0.05). Results: Achievement of sedation in terms of satisfaction/moderate satisfaction/unsatisfaction was as follows respectively: 13.3%/33.3%/54% in GroupI, 54%/20%/26% in GroupII,
33.3%/33.3%/33.3% in GroupIII and 6.7%/60%/33.3% in GroupIV.
Conclusion: 0.7 mg.kg-1 midazolam was more effective than the
other groups in children scheduled for dental treatments.
PND 22. Amelogenesis Imperfecta- the earliest
hereditary dental syndrome described and a case
report with 20 years follow-up.
U. Zilberman*, E. Mass, Section of paed. dentistry, Barzilai Medical
Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
Background: Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) was described in the
Gar-ba IV child found at Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. It has been dated to
circa 1.5 million years ago assigned to Homo erectus. The specimen
comprises part of the right side of the mandible of a young child with
a much worn first primary molar (dm1), errupted and unworn second
primary molar (dm2) and exposed first permanent molar (M1). Visual
examination indicated that all the enamel was abnormal. The peculiar appearance of the teeth, the extensive wear of dm1, the wrinkled
occlusal surfaces of dm2 and M1 and the radiographic appearance
resemble a known dental pathogenesis observed in modern populations, AI (MIM #301200) that represents a broad spectrum of genetic
diseases affecting enamel formation in both primary and permanent
dentition. The enamel abnormalities have been categorized into
three major groups, hypocalcified, hypomaturation and hypoplastic.
Case report: AN, a 15 years old girl was diagnosed as suffering
from recessive hypoplastic AI that affected all her permanent teeth.
Treatment: The treatment included coverage of her molar teeth with
preformed metal crown (PMC) and composite coverage of all anterior and premolars. The final restorative treatment, at the age of 18,
included 20 metal-fused ceramic crowns for all anterior, canines and
pre-molar teeth. Follow-up: During the follow-up period of 17 years,
no additional treatments were required except periodic plaque control. This presentation shows the antiquity of dental hereditary disorders and the need for aggressive prosthetic treatment in modern
cases of hypoplastic AI.
PND 23. CASE REPORT. Atypical dentine
dysplasia in a 6-year-old boy.
S. Ghadimi2*, H. Afshar1R. Ahmadi2. Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
1
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2Hamedan University of
Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
Background: Dentine dysplasia type I is a rare dental anomaly
which is clinically characterized by almost normal looking crowns,
short roots and mobile teeth. Case report: A case of an atypical
dentine dysplasia type I affecting only first and second primary molars. Radiographic examinations of the teeth showed considerable
short roots without pulp chamber obliteration. Apart from carious
teeth with pulpal and periapical involvement, the apical area of the
roots, PDL and supporting bone had normal radiographic appearance and there was no periapical pathosis. Histological analysis
revealed dentinal disorganization in root dentine and multiple pulp
stones in pulp chamber and root canals. The medical, dental or family history was unremarkable. Treatment: The teeth with periapical
lesions were extracted and the remaining carious teeth were restored
with PMC. To prevent pulpal and periapical infections, meticulous
oral hygiene and effective caries-preventive instructions were given
to the parents. Follow-up: After 2 years of follow-up except one premature exfoliated tooth, the others remained without any problems.
Abstracts of Papers
PND 24. CASE REPORT. Different Clinical
Manifestations of Talon Cusp in the Primary
and Permanent Dentitions.
B. Celik*, E. Canoglu, Z. Cehreli. Dept Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty
of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Turkey.
Background: Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly that
manifests as an accessory cusp-like structure, projecting from the
lingual or facial surfaces of anterior teeth Cases Report: Case I: A
7-year-old boy was referred to the paediatric dentistry clinic for the
treatment of anterior crowding. Talon cusps were observed on the
buccal surfaces of permanent maxillary central incisors. Case II: A
4.5-year-old boy presented with a chief complaint of morphological
anomaly of his maxillary anterior teeth. The patient had talon cusps
on both buccal and palatal surfaces of primary maxillary central incisors. Case III: A 12-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for the
management of aesthetic problems associated with her maxillary
anterior teeth. Talon cusps were observed on both the buccal and
palatal surfaces of permanent maxillary lateral incisors. Radiographic examination showed dens in vaginatus in permanent maxillary left
lateral incisor. Treatment: No treatment was performed in Cases I
and II, due to lack of occlusal and aesthetic concerns. In Case III,
the caries-prone fissures of the talon cusps were restored with composite resin. Follow-up: All patients have been recalled uneventfully
every six months, for a total of 1.5 years.
PND 25. CASE REPORT. Concomitant
hypohyperdontia and nonsyndromic
oligodontia.
S. Bektaş, M. Tekçiçek*, M. D. Turgut. Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Concomitant hypohyperdontia is a very rare anomaly and described as the presence of both hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in the same region. Non-syndromic oligodontia is
described as the congenital absence of more than six permanent
teeth excluding the third molars. In the present case, concomitant
hypo/hyperdontia and non-syndromic oligodontia in the same patient were presented. Case report: A 10 year old girl was referred to
the paediatric dentistry dept. because of absence of her teeth and
multiple spaces between them. Examination of the patient revealed
a concave profile, protrusion of her mandibular, missing teeth, and
anterior crossbite. In the radiographic examination, the absence of
12 permanent teeth both in the upper and lower jaws was noticed.
Although there was an absence of the germs of the mandibular second premolars, bilateral tooth germs were detected near the distal
root region of the mandibular primary first molars. Treatment: After the consultation with the dept. of genetics, it was learned that
the patient had no genetic disturbance. Then, the primary second
molars were extracted to facilitate the eruption of the ectopically
located tooth germs. A removable partial denture for the lower jaw
was inserted on the patient for functional purposes. Follow-up: Regarding the orthodontic treatment, it was decided to wait for the
eruption of the permanent teeth. After three and a half months, the
denture was found to be functional.
PND 26. CASE REPORT. Supernumerary teeth in
a twin brother with incomplete cleft lip.
S. Bektaş*, M.D. Turgut, M. Tekçiçek. Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital deformity encountered in the dental practice. Common dental anomalies
located in the cleft region have been reported to be hypodontia, supernumerary tooth and tooth malformation. Similar dental anomalies
have been reported in monozygotic twins, although a pair of dizy-
gotic twin does not usually have the same anomaly. In the present
case, supernumerary teeth were presented in a twin brother with an
incomplete cleft lip. Case report: 7 years old dizygotic twin brothers
were referred to the paediatric dentistry dept.. An unilateral incomplete cleft lip at the right side of one brother and the same type of
the cleft at the left side of the other brother was detected. The clefts
were noticed to be located on the lip region along with the philtrum line. Clinical and radiographical examinations revealed that the
brother with the left side cleft had a supernumerary primary lateral
incisor and a supernumerary permanent lateral incisor in the cleft
lip region. Treatment: Carious teeth of the twins were restored and
topical fluoride application was carried out in every three months.
Follow-up: It was decided to follow-up the patient until the eruption
of the maxillary permanent lateral incisors since the primary maxillary left lateral incisor did not cause a functional problem. This case
demonstrated that patients with clefts should be inspected carefully
in order to determine dental anomalies.
PND 27. CASE REPORT. Cleidocranial Dysplasia
and Failure to Erupt.
E. Norton*, A. C. O’Connell. Division of Public and Child Dental
Health, Dublin Dental School and Hospital, Ireland.
Background: Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal
dominant condition that causes a generalised skeletal dysplasia; it
is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding transcription factor
CBFA1 (RUNX2). The classic feature is partial or complete absence
of one or both clavicles. Intra-oral features include delayed exfoliation or resorption of the primary teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, failure to erupt and multiple supernumeraries. Cases Report: Two similar cases of CCD are illustrated, focusing in particular
on the failure to erupt of permanent teeth. Both cases were referred
from their orthodontist to the Paediatric department of the Dublin
Dental Hospital for assessment. Intraoral examination revealed a
delayed dental development, with retained primary teeth, and radiographically multiple supernumeraries were visible. In both instances,
the removal of the primary incisors and the relevant supernumeraries failed to result in eruption of the permanent incisors. Treatment:
These cases require planned interdisciplinary care to allow timely
and optimal eruption of the permanent teeth. In both these cases,
the lack of eruptive potential of the incisors necessitated the use
of orthodontic traction, complicated by the relative lack of anchorage. Alternative methods of exposure, traction and anchorage in the
literature will be reviewed. Follow-up: Both patients are currently in
active orthodontic treatment and will be reviewed regularly to time
future intervention in posterior segments.
PND28. CASE REPORT. Taurodontism and
Klinefelter Syndrome. Dental anomalies as a
hint for the diagnosis of the genetic disorder.
R. Steffen*, H. van Waes. Klinik für Kieferorthopädie und Kinderzahnmedizin, Zürich, Schweiz.
Background: Taurodontism is characterized by teeth with elongated pulp chambers and apical displacement of the furcation of
the roots. Klinefelter Syndrom (KS) is a genetic disorder with genotype 47, XXY. Diagnosis of KS is made most often late in grown up
age. The prevalence rates of taurodontism in Klinefelter syndrom
patients is higher than in unaffected population. Learning disabilities
and conspicuous social behaviour is also statistically related with
Klinefelter syndrome. Cases report: Four patients presented with
taurodontic teeth diagnosed during examination in our clinics. In
every case diagnosis of taurodontism was made by x-ray. Social
history showed in every case a conspicuous history (learning disabilities and school problems). Dentists recommendations enabled
to ensure the diagnosis of KS. Treatment: In the presented cases,
59
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
Abstracts of Papers
the finding of taurodont dentition first obtained no dental therapy,
but led to further investigatory tests. The dentist’s information enabled the cooperating medical physicians the search with a direct
aim. After that, in our shown cases the disorder KS was recognized.
Conclusion: Male patients underlying health condition of taurodontism and learning disabilities have positive predictive value for
KS. In case these findings are done during dental examination, the
dentist should recommend karyotyping analysis to the patient or his
parents. The paediatric dental practitioner should be familiar with
taurodontism and related illnesses, especially KS, to help ensure the
diagnosis of this chromosome constitution, which otherwise would
remain unnoticed or in case of late diagnosis, would cost signify a
loss of time in therapy.
PND 29. Anomalies of tooth number and tooth
size patterns.
A. H. Brook*, R. C. Griffin, R. N. Smith. Int. Collabo-ating Centre in
Oro-facial Genetics and Development, University of Liverpool, School
of Dentistry, Liverpool. UK.
Aim: To examine links between supernumerary teeth, hypodontia
and crown size, determining the effect on the development of the
whole dentition and so increase understanding of the aetiology of
the conditions. Method: Measurements of mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions were made using Mitutoyo electronic callipers
of all teeth on study models. Mean value of 2 measurements was
used and intra-operator and inter-operator reproducibility determined. The patients were young adults; 39 males and 21 females
with supernumerary teeth and 60 age and sex matched controls.
Results: Patients with supernumerary teeth had statistically significantly larger teeth (p<0.05) than controls, with greatest differences in
the MD dimensions. In supernumerary and hypodontia patients the
differences in tooth size were generalised throughout the dentition.
Patients with hypodontia had smaller teeth than controls and this
difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) for all teeth except
the MD dimensions of some canines and premolars. Difference in
size was greatest for the BL dimensions in hypodontia patients. The
greater the number of missing teeth the smaller the tooth size. The
hypodontia patients also showed higher variability in tooth dimensions than the control group. Conclusion: Genetic, epigenetic and
environmental factors involved a complex aetiology of anomalies of
tooth number also influence the size of teeth. Both supernumerary
and hypodontia teeth involve the development of the whole dentition. These findings are compatible with a multifactorial aetiology of
the conditions.
PND 30. Dental caries in children with Down’s
syndrome
M. Kelmendi*1, F. Shllaku2, 1University Children’s Hospital
and 2Dentistry Faculty, Prishtina, Republic of Kosova.
Aim: To present the current prevalence of dental caries in children,
as well as relationship between caries and predispose factors, such
as : diet, oral hygiene practice, and use of fluoride supplements. 2.
to compare dental status in children with DS and other population.
Method: Information of dental health status, dietary intake etc. was
gathered from a total of 50 children, 9-15 yr, selected at random
from Elementary School in Prishtina , and 50 children with DS, aged
9-15 yr from Down’s Syndrome Kosova Center. Dental status was
checked by dentist, in co-operation with paediatrician, using standardized protocol. Results: Of 50 children from the first group, 44
(88%) manifested dental caries, while 36(73.6%) children with DS
have also dental caries. Questionnaire revealed also similar results
for both groups, according to teeth brushing habit, regular dentist
control, food habits, use of fluoride supplements etc. Conclusion:
Although children with DS are protected from dental caries, our re60
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
sults show no difference between two groups, that means environmental conditions played a crucial role in the apparence of dental
caries in children with DS.
PND 31. The Neonatal Line - in an ultra
structural view
N. Sabel*1, J. G. Norén1, S. Nietzsche2. 1Gothenburg University,
Sweden, 2Jena University, Germany,
Aim: At birth, all primary teeth are in progress of mineralization. An
incremental line in the enamel is seen which corresponds to the time
of birth, termed; The Neonatal Line (NNL). The aim was to analyze
the ultra structure of the NNL. Method: Manidbular right teeth were
analyzed. Teeth were stored in formalin until processed into ground
sections, bucco-lingual direction. Sections were etched and sputtercoated with either carbon or gold by vapor deposition. 3-D images
were made in Philips SEM 515, ultra structural analysis was carried out in a field emission SEM (Gemini IMB, LEO 1530, Germany).
Results: In the SEM, the NNL was observable in lower magnifications (40x), however, becoming more difficult to distinguish in higher
magnifications. There was a change in diameter between the enamel
prisms in pre- and postnatal enamel. A change in growth direction
of the prisms was found in the region of the NNL. In the 3-D images
at 400 times magnification the NNL was observable and visible as
an indentation in the etched enamel, and not in non-etched enamel.
Conclusions: The NNL is visible due to a change of direction of
growth and a change of the diameter of the prisms. Indentation of
NNL is an optical phenomenon due to the etching effect.
PND 32. Enamel defects in children born in highrisk conditions: a preliminary study.
E. Paiva*, R. Martín, L. Ferreira, J. et al. Dept. Paediatric Dentistry,
University Complutense Madrid, Spain.
Aim: This was to study the prevalence and distribution of enamel
developmental defects (DDE) in children born in high-risk conditions
and to investigate the correlation between the neonatal variables
and the prevalence of enamel defects. Method: The study group
consists of 60 children aged 4 to 8 years (Granada Hospital -Paediatric Department database) born in high-risk conditions (<2500g;
need of neonatal intensive care). Control group consists of 60 children aged 6 to 8 years born in normal conditions. Teeth were examined clinically for DD, and were recorded using modified DDE Index.
Results: Low birth weight/prematurely born children had a greater
prevalence of DDE in primary dentition. Demarcated opacities were
seen as the major defect in the study group. Conclusion: Neonatal
data is important and has to be taken into account because it supplies information about oral sequels in the paediatric children born in
high-risk conditions. Paediatric dentists should be able to establish
preventive and therapeutic protocols for the children born in special
conditions. Study support by Fondo de Investigación Sanitária (FIS)
PND 33. Regularity of formation osseous face’s
structures in postnatal period of developing.
V. V. Stepanenko*, V. G. Smirnov.Dept. children’s Therapeutic dentistry, Moscow State Medical-Dental University, Moscow, Russia.
Aim: This was to determine particularities in osseous texture of structures facial section of the head and possibilities of their use in dental
practice. Method: 134 children, of different ages, were involved, using and integrated method which included classical, morph metrical
(102), radiological and modern computer-based (32). Results: Research revealed, that facial bones have some particularities of age,
mainly which can be determined by sequence of postnatal face’s
organs developing. In comparing with early formation of eyesight as
a half of brain, reveals in texture, connecting with its osseous struc-
Abstracts of Papers
tures. A part of the top dental plate, molar and palatine develops as
a neural type, and the rest face’s bones develop as a somatic type.
Less than 1 year’s old size of palatine outgrowth of the top dental
plate is on average 21.7 mm, height of its body is 7.1 mm. Reverse,
in the age of 16-18 years old, length of outgrowth increasing by 31.6
mm, height of dental plate is up to 41.8 mm. In accordance with
dynamics of facial skeleton changing can determine physiological,
postnatal formation of the organs (teeth, its rudiments). Conclusions: Consideration is due while surgical operation in organs facial
section of the head, especially in cases when information is necessary, not only at the moment of the operation, but further on.
PND 34. Study of dental anatomic peculiarities
in juveniles and young adults based on computer
tomography data.
V. G. Alpatova* , L. P. Kiselnikova. Dept. Children’s Dentistry
of MSMDU, Moscow, Dept. Children’s Dentistry of SPInStom,
Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical peculiarities
of teeth in juveniles and young adults. Method: 159 patient tomograms (aged 12 to 24) were analyzed as main group and 36 tomograms of patients aged 25-30 years as a control group. 83 maxilla
tomograms of main and 18 of control group were investigated and
76 mandible tomograms of main and 18 of control group, accordingly. All tomograms were divided into group I: included incisors and
canines (28 main and 9 control tomograms) and group II: included
premolars and molars (131 main and 9 control tomograms). Attention was paid on size and structure of pulp chamber; width of root
canal lumen; width of apical foramen and degree of its development;
state of periodontal fissure (width, uniformity). Results: The width of
apical foramen in juveniles and young adults was within the limits of
0.62mm to 0.80mm±0.01 (p<0.05) and width of periodontal fissure
made 1mm to 1.2mm±0.005 (p<0.05), which exceeded the analog
indices of control group with 0.52 to 0.66mm±0.009 (p<0.05) and
0.7 to 0.8mm± 0.006 (p<0.05), accordingly. Conclusion: Experience
of using the dental computer tomography to explore the anatomical
peculiarities testifies that this method is highly comprehensive and
that during some years after eruption and completion of apexogenesis some anatomical peculiarities are kept in permanent teeth of
young adults. Therefore while endodontic treatment of permanent
teeth in young adults these peculiarities must be taken into account
in endodontic techniques, allowing for higher treatment efficiency
and lower incidence of possible complications.
PND35. CASE REPORT. Anterior Crossbite.
E. Ortiz*, F. Guinot, P. Martínez, L. Bellet. Universitat Internacional
de Catalunya. Dentistry School Pediatric Dept., Spain.
Background: Anterior crossbite refers to an abnormal lip-lingual
relation between one or more incisive teeth of the maxilla and the
mandible. It must be treated at an early age, to enhance dentofacial
growth and development. Case report: One case of anterior crossbite in mixed dentition is presented in a patient who was 8 years and
1 month old at diagnosis. Treatment: After the diagnosis we decided
to place a maxillary removable plate with springs on 11 and 21. Follow-up: One month later we observed a correct anterior occlusion.
We made controls 2 months later to avoid a possible recidiva of the
treatment. After three years the anterior occlusion was corrected
PND36. CASE REPORT. Loss of space for the
eruption of second lower left premolar.
D. C. González*, S. Broch, L. J. Bellet. Dept Paediatric Dentistry, School
of Dentistry, University International of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
Background: Premature exfoliation of the primary teeth results in
the loss of space and the molar mesial drift, thereby altering the pattern of eruption of the first permanent teeth. In the last years several
different new distalization devices were proposed and developed
in order to minimize the patient’s complaints and optimize the biomechanical control. Molar distalization is a first therapeutic step in
the treatment of Class II malocclusion without extractions. There are
several systems to get the molar distalization which needs a minimal
patient’s satisfaction. That`s why the “Molar Distalization” makes a
patient feel comfortable and it does not require them co-operation
and is absolutely aesthetic. Case report: Radiographic review of a
female patient of 11 years old revealed loss of space between 36
and 34 by 36 mesialization, preventing eruption of 35. Treatment:
In order to make space for the 35 a Molar Distalization device was
used which was activated for the first time immediately after cementing. Then it was activated at intervals of 4 weeks. Follow-up:
At first assessment eruption had begun. Two months later half of the
clinical crown of 35 had erupted.
PND37. CASE REPORT. Treatment of Class III
Malocclusion by means of Function Regulator
(FR-III).
Y. R. Rhee*, Y. C. Choi, K. C. Kim, Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, University of Kyunghee, Seoul, S. Korea.
Background: Functional regulator III (FR-III) is used during the primary, mixed, and early permanent dentition to correct skeletal Class
III malocclusion, characterized by maxillary skeletal retrusion. In mild
or pseudo Class III children, this appliance can be the treatment of
choice at the beginning. These cases are both Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite that treated by FR-III appliances. Case
report: 8 years old female and male attended Kyung-Hee University
Dental Hospital to treat anterior crossbite; both were in mixed dentition and had Class III tendency and buccal crossbite. Treatment:
Both cases were treated with FR-III. After 4 months of active treatment, the anterior crossbite corrected in one of the cases. In the
other case, it took 3 months to correct anterior crossbite. In both
cases FR-III was used for retention for 8 months and 20 months
respectively. Space supervision was followed until the permanent
dentition completed. No other appliance had been used in both
cases. Follow-up: Four years after the correction of Class III, occlusions of the cases shows good stability.
PND38. Mesio-distal Crown Diameters prediction
of Canines and Premolars.
A .Legovic*, A. Skrinjaric, D. Modrcin, et al. Private practice, Porec,
Croatia.
Aim: This was to determine the equations for accurate pre-diction
of widths of crowns of unerupted canines (C) and premolars (P1 and
P2) based upon the measured mesio-distal (MDD) and vestibulooral (VOD) diameter of crowns of erupted central (I1), lateral (I2) incisors and first permanent molars (M1). Method: Plaster casts from
180 subjects (90 boys and 90 girls) were examined. MDD and VOD
of crowns of I1, I2, C, P1, P2 and M1 were measured twice on both
sides in both jaws. Results: Regression equations for prediction of
MDD of C, P1 and P2 crowns by using two ponders were defined
as follows: Maxilla: girls: MDD 345=1.1711 x 32 or 42MDD+0.7028
x 36 or 46MDD +6.8197; boys MDD 345= 0.8073 x 12 or 22 MD +
1.0272 x 16 or 26 MD + 5.8167 Mandible: girls MDD 345= 0.8660
x 32 or 42 MD + 0.520 x 36 or 46 MD + 10.1248; boys MDD 345=
1.1311 x 16 or 26 MD + 1.4757 x 32 or 42 MD + 0.8473. Conclusion: Prediction accuracy of determined equations for mesio- distal
dimater of crowns of C, P1 and P2 in both sexes and both jaws
varied from 97.0 to 97.
61
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
Abstracts of Papers
PND 39. CASE REPORT. Fixed functional
Herbst appliance in the treatment of Class II(i)
malocclusion V. Zivojinovic*.
PND 41. Dependence of a level of dental diseases
of pupils from a level of knowledge on questions
of preventive dentistry.
N. Nedeljkovic, Clinic of Orthodontics, Clinic of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
I. A. Lysenkova, Y. L. Vasiliev, A. I. Rudnev. Dental Dept., Moscow
State Uni. of Medicine and Dentistry, Russia.
Background: Sagittal mandible deficiency is the most common
cause of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Treatment objective was to
stimulate sagittal mandible growth. Herbst fixed appliance use is
beneficial for shortening the time required for treatment and does
not depend on patient compliance. Case report: A female 13.5
years of age was referred to the Clinic of Orthodontics, School of
Dentistry in Belgrade following previous unsuccessful treatment of
her skeletal Class II malocclusion using an activator. The patient’s
poor co-operation had led to failure of the treatment. Treatment:
Patient was subjected to the Herbst treatment for 6 months followed
by fixed appliance for another 8 months. Lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment were performed. Condyl and fossa articularis remodelation was assessed by superimposition of pre- and
post-treatment TMJ tomograms. Promotion of oral hygiene and
fluoride use was performed because orthodontic treatment carries
a high caries risk and risk for periodontal disease. Skeletal and dental changes were observed after treatment (correction (Max+Mand):
molar relation 6mm, overjet 7mm, skeletal 5mm, molars 1mm and
incisors 2mm). Combination of Herbst and fixed appliance was effective in the treatment of dental and skeletal irregularities as well as
in TMJ remodelation for a short period of time. Follow-up: In retention period, 10 months after the treatment, occlusal stability exists.
Follow-up care in oral prevention is based on regular recalls at the
dental office and supervision at home by the parents.
Aim: This was to define the correlation between the dental status
of teenagers and their knowledge of oral hygiene. Method: 100
teenagers, average age was 9-15 years were questioned on their
knowledge of preventive mainten. The level of hygiene of an oral
cavity, prevalence and intensity of the basic dental diseases, such
as caries and periodontal diseases were also assessed. Teenagers
were divided into two groups according their main source of information: advertising and the others. Results: 1. Questionnaire has
shown that 37 % teenagers use advertising as the basic source of
the information on means of oral cavity hygiene they get; 54 % teenagers get information mostly from parents and 9 % of them mention
the dentist. 2. Prevalence of caries at children marking advertising
as a source of the information on preventive maintenance was a
little bit higher (93), than at children indicating family and the dentist (81). Intensity in both cases was the same: 4,66 ± 0,23. 3. The
level of prevalence and intensity of periodontal diseases in 1st group
was “low” while in 2nd group it was “average”. Conclusions: Oral
hygiene and the condition of periodontal tissues and firm tissues of
teeth is dependant on a level of pupils’ knowledge.
PND 40. Association of Passive Smoking
with Caries and Related Salivary Biomarkers
in Young Children.
A. Avşar*, Ö. Darka, B. Topaloğlu, et al. Dept Paed. Dent School
of Dent, Dept Clin Microb. Dept Biostatistics School of Med, OMU,
Samsun, Turkey.
Aim: This was to investigate association of passive smoking as
determined by salivary cotinine levels with caries and salivary pH,
buffering capacity, flow rate, and microbiological counts in young
children. Method: 90 passive smokers (PS) with a mean age of
5.02 years and 90 healthy age-matched children were included in
this study. Family income, smoking habits, the education level of
the parents, tooth brushing, and daily dietary sugar exposure of the
children were recorded by questionnaire. Three categories were
formed with respect to the number of cigarettes smoked. A dmft
score was calculated according to the criteria recommended by the
World Health Organization. The children were also investigated for
stimulated salivary cotinine levels, pH, flow rate, buffering capacity,
and salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli colonization. All
data were analyzed using SPSS, version 13.0. Results: The dmft
scores, salivary pH, flow rate, buffering capacity, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli colonization in PS children were significantly
higher than the healthy subjects (p<0.05). There were no significant
differences in tooth brushing and dietary habits of the children, family income, and education levels of the parents between the two
groups (P > 0.05). The mean cotinine levels of PS children was 1.58
± 4.3 ng/mL. The dmft scores, buffering capacity, flow rate, mutans
streptococci, and lactobacilli colonization were significantly different between each of the three categories (p<0.05). Conclusion: PS
children were at an increased risk of caries in comparison with the
healthy subjects.
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
PND 42. Effect of a New Enzyme Containing
Toothpaste on Saliva SM and Buffering Capacity:
A pilot study.
A. Durhan*, B. Kargul. Marmara University, Dental School,
Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
Aim: This was to evaluate the effect of First Teeth Baby Toothpaste
(FTBT) on the counts of Streptococcus mutans and salivary buffering
capacity. FTBT (Laclede, USA) contains Lactoperoxidase inhibitory
enzyme system. These natural protective enzymes are found both
in saliva and breast milk and are essential in reducing cariogenic
bacteria. Method: Nine 1-3 years (2.4±0.58) old children with Early
Childhood Caries (ECC) were included in this study. Saliva samples
taken at baseline and after 1 month were assayed for .S. mutans
and salivary buffering capacity. Salivary levels of SM were estimated by Dentocult SM (Orion Diagnostica Co. Ltd, Epsom, Finland).
Salivary buffering capacity was evaluated using Dentobuff strips
(Orion Diagnostica Co. Ltd, Epsom, Finland). Chidren were asked
to use FTBT twice a day for 1 month. Results: Some significant
changes were observed in salivary parameters after 1 month. The
average S. mutans counts in the primary dentition of children with
ECC before and after using FTBT were 105 colony forming units
(CFU)/ml and 103 CFU/ml respectively. S. mutans were statistically
significantly reduced relative to baseline at 1 month (p=0.017). No
significant changes in saliva buffer capacity (p=0.104) after FTBT
were observed. Conclusion: First Teeth Baby Toothpaste can be
recommended as part of caries prevention programs targeting infants and toddlers. It is important to determine, through larger and
more in depth clinical trials.
PND 43. The Research of Nanostructures of
Pigmented Dental Plaque in Children.
V. D. Shchegoleva*, V. A. Shahnov, A. I. Vlasov, et al. MSTU,
MSUMD, Russia.
Aim: This was to receive theoretical footing and to verify a supposition of possibility to consider dense pigmented dental plaque to be
a nanostructure. Method: The tooth structures were researched on
longitudinal and transversal tooth slices by comparison the slices
with pigmented dental plaque and without it from teeth removed
Abstracts of Papers
by medical indications. The atomic force microscope Solver P47HPRO and wide spatial range scanner SC150 (50х50х3 micron) were
used. Semi-contact microscopy method was chosen. The microscope Intel was used for tooth slices macrographs. Results: Expert
assessment of tooth slices was carried out through different magnifiers. Analysis of resulting tooth slices exhibited that the size of
dental plaque structures was not less than 150 nanometers. These
objects were about 0,8–2 microns on average, in other words their
size was much bigger than nanotechnological limit of 100 nanometers. Conclusion: Pigmented dental plaque does not belong to
nanostructured objects.
PND 44. Study on mothers’ concern regarding
their children’s oral health.
I. Totolici*, C. Puscasu, D. Totolici, et al. Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
Faculty of Dentistry, University Ovidius, Constanta, Romania.
Aim: This was to study the relation between the mothers’ level of education and their concern regarding the treatment necessity and the
prevention measures used for the children oral health. Method: 107
mothers who came in the Clinic of Paediatric Dentistry of the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Constanta, Romania during one semester
period agreed to receive and fill a questionnaire. This contains 10
questions with two or three items. The questionnaire was designed
in three major directions: the concern for dental treatment, the treatment needs and some knowledge regarding prevention, all related
to the mothers’ years of school. The software SPSS for Windows,
version 10.0 was used. Sampling error was 4.12 and the level of significance α=0,05. Results: The distribution was: group A (elementary school) 16.8%, group B (high school) 58,%, and group C (college)
25.2%. The study revealed (α = 0,05) that the mothers from group
C bring earlier the children in the dental office, in comparison with
group B and A. 96,30% of the mothers group C bring from the first
time the children in the dental office for the reason of checking, in
comparison with group A and B with 50,00%, respectively 45,16%.
In chidren with mothers in group C the toothache frequency is lower
(18.5%) than those from group A (61.1%) and group B (56.4%). The
age when children begin for the first time toothbrushing is in majority
3 years of age for group B and C, but in the group A many children
start toothbrushing at 6 even at 9 years of age. Conclusion: The
mother’s level of education reflects in the oral health
PND 45. Effect of fluoride varnish on
development of artificial caries.
S. H. Bak*, N. Y. Lee, S. H. Lee. Dept. Paediatric dentistry, Chosun
University, Gwangju, South Korea.
Aim: This was to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) varnish on prevention of enamel demineralization. Method: 80 bovine enamel
blocks were divided randomly into 4 groups of 20 specimens: Group
1, served as the control with no topical application of F. Group 2,
treated with APF gel for 4 minutes. Group 3, treated with Fluor
Protector®. Group 4, treated with CavityShield™. After 24 hours of
treatment, samples were brushed with a soft bristled tooth brush to
stimulate normal mechanical wear of varnish. Artificial caries lesion
was induced by placing each specimen into demineralization solution at pH 4.0 for 48 hours. Then the optical density of the lesion
was measured by light fluorescence induced by plasma light and the
surface microhardness was measured by the vicker’s hardness test.
Results: 1. The optical densities of group 3 and 4 were significantly
higher than those of 2, but no significant difference was noted between group 3 and 4. 2. The surface microhardness of group 4 was
the highest, followed by group 3, 2, and 1(p<0.05). 3. There were no
significant difference between group 3 and 4 in optical density. However, the surface microhardness of group 4 was significantly higher
than that of group 3. Conclusion: The results of present study in-
dicate that the fluoride varnish is more effective than APF gel for
prevention of dental caries.
PND 46. The Effect of Syrup based Medicines
for Children on Intraoral pH.
S. Kim*, I. Y. Kim, G. L. Lee, et al. Dept Pediatric Dentistry,
Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
Aim: This was to investigate the acidity level of syrup form drugs
frequently prescribed for infants and young children, and the effects
on intraoral pH when rinsed with them. Method: 11 kinds of syrup
form drugs prescribed by our hospital and 4 kinds of OTC syrup
form drugs were selected and their pH were measured in vitro. 5
volunteers as examinee were told to wear customized mandibular
vacuum-formed appliances incorporating pH electrode, rinse intraorally with 4 kinds of test drugs and the changes of plaque pH
were measured every minute for 40 minutes. Also the salivary pH
changes after Cough syrup rinsing with/without water rinsing were
measured every 4 second for 5 minutes. The results were analyzed
statistically with repeated measure ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: Average pH of 15 syrups form test drugs was pH 4.7±0.94,
range of pH 3.0-6.8. After rinsing with 4 kinds of test drugs plaque
pH decreased below pH 5.5,critical acidity for enamel demineralization. There was no significant difference in the curve of plaque pH
profile between 4 kinds of drugs except COLDI (p>0.05). There was
significant difference in salivary pH changes between rinsing syrup
only and rinsing it followed by water (p<0.05). Conclusion: Special
care is needed when selecting and using the syrup form drugs for
children as these result in significant decrease of intraoral pH.
PND 47 To compare the rate of demineralization
using carbopol 907 system with carbopol 2050
system.
M. Yoon.*, Kim Jong su, Yu Seung hoon. Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, Uni. of Dankook. South Korea.
Aim: The purpose of this experiment is to alternate the remineralizing solution of carbopol 907 system to new carbopol 2050 system
Caries lesion produced by carbopol 907 system represents true natural caries lesion repeatedly. But these days, carbopol 907 system
is not available in market. Method: The rate of demineralization was
measured by DIFOTI (Didital Imaging Fiber-Optic Transillumination).
The demineralized site was produced by carbopol 907 system and
carbopol 2050 system. 42 primary teeth were prepared and divided
by experimental schedule. First week, Images were taken of DIFOTI
on four teeth each day from each group. After one week Images taking of DIFOTI had done every another day until 20th day. Results:
The rate of demineralization of 907 system is faster than carbopol
2050 system. Conclusion: The rate of demineralization of carbopol
2050 system is slower than carbopol 907 system.
PND 48. CASE REPORT. Sound teeth? Your choice!
G. Stel*, J. C. Smienk1, J. J. Bruers1, 2, 1Dutch Dental Association
(NMT), Nieuwegein, 2St Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Background: Well over 75% of the children in the Netherlands have
good to very good oral health. In about one quarter of all cases this is
less so, whereas in around 5% we even speak of serious oral health
issues. Case report: In 2007 the Dutch Dental Association (NMT),
the professional organisation of dentists, started with the program:
Sound teeth? Your choice! This is a national project, which focuses
on the development of coherent policies to improve oral health in
youths in the Netherlands. The project should lead to a higher percentage of children with a sound dentition in all age groups and to
adequate treatment of as many children as possible, preventively
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
Abstracts of Papers
and curatively. Treatment: Sound teeth? Your choice! goes into
various aspects of oral health in youths. The program aims at intensifying collective dental prevention to influence in a positive way
knowledge of and attitude towards the oral health situation of (the
parents of) children. Initiatives are taken to ensure that children will
always regularly see a dentist from the age of two. Finally, the activities are geared towards optimising the professional dental treatment
of youths. On the one hand through improvement of knowledge and
skills within the profession, by means of developing a clinical guideline and task delegation protocols, on the other through setting up a
nationwide referral network of paediatric dentists. Follow-up: During the program efforts will be made to achieve that the quality of
oral health care is structurally guaranteed and permanent funding
is available.
PND 49. ‘I thought I might get bullied a bit’
The impact of oral conditions during
educational transition.
Z. Marshman*, J. Bradbury, M. Hall, et al. Dept. Oral Health and
Development. School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK.
Aim: To explore experiences of young people with dental/oro-facial
conditions as they undergo the transition to secondary education.
Method: The theoretical framework chosen to guide the study was
symbolic interactionism. A 2-week diary was developed in collaboration with young people. The diary was sent to 21 11- and 12-yearolds to complete around the time they started a new secondary
school. The participants were then interviewed in their own homes
about the content of the diary and their experiences during the educational transition. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed
verbatim. The data were analysed using the constant comparative
method. Clinical data were obtained from the participants’ dental
records. Results: 18 diaries were returned, but one young person
was not interviewed for medical reasons. The clinical conditions included malocclusions, cleft lip and palate, treated incisal trauma and
developmental defects of enamel. These had varying impact on the
participants as they underwent the educational transition. The main
themes to emerge were: ‘making friends’ and ‘fitting in’. No links
between gender, severity of condition or experiences of secondary
school were apparent. Conclusion: Transition to secondary education was a significant life event with oral conditions affecting young
people to varying degrees.
PND 50. CASE REPORT. Management of cervical
root fracture using orthodontic extrusion
& natural crown reattachment.
T. I. Keceli*, H. C. Gungor. Dept Paediatric Dentistry,
School of Dentistry, Un. Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Root fractures affect 0.5% to 7% of permanent teeth.
Cervical root fractures, seen less frequently, have a worse prognosis compared with the fractures in the apical or middle third of the
root. Case report: 10-year-old boy was brought to the paediatric
dentistry clinic by her mother with the complaint of tooth fracture
one day after dental trauma. Treatment: Because of the high mobility and the radiographic findings, the coronal fragment needed to
be extracted. After removal of the coronal fragment, the root was
filled temporarily with calcium hydroxide. Following the permanent
root canal treatment, orthodontic extrusion was performed. The
apical portion was elevated above the epithelial attachment and a
successful coronal restoration was made using the natural crown of
the traumatized tooth. Follow-up: After 6 months, the clinical and
radiographic results were successful.
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
PND 51. CASE REPORT. Treatment of a
Subluxated Central Incisor.
S. Acar*, E. Sutekin, O. Koca, et al. Dept. Paedodontic Ege University,
Turkey.
Background: Subluxation is one of the most severe types of dental trauma in children. Case report: This report presents a case of
subluxation of mature maxillary central incisor in a 14-year-old boy.
Patient was referred to dental clinic at Ege University due to a severe
dental trauma. The crown of central incisor was pushed palately.
The root of the tooth was out, through the vestibular mucosa. Treatment: The subluxated tooth was immediately repositioned surgically
within 5 hours after trauma. Under local analgesia the traumatised
tooth was pushed back and repositioned in its alveolar socket and
was splinted for four weeks. Chlorhexidine mouthwash and amoxicillin were prescribed. During the stabilization period, the pulp was
removed and root canal was disinfected by calcium hydroxide at recalls. The final root canal treatment with guttapercha was completed after the removal of splint. During recalls intracoronal bleaching
agent was applied to the tooth. Follow-up: There was no pathology
and resorption found in 4 and 8 months examinations. The patient
is being followed up.
PND 52. CASE REPORT. Consequences of
traumatic injuries in primary teeth on the
permanent germ of the developing one.
E. Díaz*, H. Boix, F. Guinot, et al. Dept. Paediatric Dentistry, School
of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain.
Background: The traumatic injuries in primary teeth, as the inadequate treatment of such, can have negative repercussion on the
permanent germ of the developing teeth. There are multiple alterations that can take place, whose affection is going to depend on
the intensity of the trauma and the stage of the development in
which it takes place. The treatment of the immediate complications
of a dental traumatic injury is usually limited to urgent measures,
whereas the clinical revisions of any possible later complications of
the development of the permanent dentition is habitually ignored.
Case report: We presented a case report of a 7 years old female
patient, with a coronal alteration of the 11, associated to a traumatic
injury of the temporary predecessor at 3 years of age. Treatment:
The first step was to expose the margins of the injury by eliminating
gum with electrical scalpel. While cleaning the injury and eliminating
the enamel without support, was made a pulpal exposure that was
treated by covering pulp directly. Follow-up: We observed the evolution of the case in the 6 later months after the treatment. The case
demonstrates the control importance of the possible later sequels
of a traumatic injury in primary teeth on the permanent germ of the
developing one.
PND 53. Endodontic intervention in treatment
of dental injuries and their complications in
permanent teeth of children.
V. Merglová*, V. Tzigkounakis. Charles University in Prague, Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Aim: To determine the necessity of endodontic intervention after
various dental traumas in permanent teeth with open apices and in
teeth with closed apices. Method: The records in the documentations of 178 patients who were treated for dental traumas in the
period 1995 – 2005 in Dentistry Department of Faculty of Medicine
in Pilsen were analysed. Results: In 70 lateral luxations in teeth with
open root apices, the most frequent posttraumatic complications,
diagnosed within 24 months after the injury, were obliteration of root
canal (19 cases, 27.1%) and pulp necrosis ( 6 cases, 8.6%). In 96
Abstracts of Papers
lateral luxations in teeth with closed root apices, the most frequent
complications were pulp necrosis (15 cases, 15.6%), resorption of
the root (9 cases, 9.4%) and obliteration (8 cases, 8.3%). In 50 uncomplicated clinical crown fractures of teeth with open root apices,
pulp necrosis (7 cases, 14%) was the most frequent posttraumatic
complication, but in 51 fractures of teeth with completed root formation, the most frequent complication was periodontitis (8 cases,
15.7%). Finally, in 15 crown fractures with exposed pulp in teeth
with open root apex, 6 were treated with pulp exstirpation (no posttraumatic complications were noticed), 6 with pulpotomy (3 out of
them presented with periodontitis) and 3 with direct pulp capping
(all 3 resulted in pulp necrosis). Conclusion: Dental traumas require
frequent follow-ups. In that way dental practitioners can early diagnose posttraumatic complications, which usually require acute
endodontic treatment.
PND 54. CASE REPORT. Periodontal pocket
as a consequence of traumatic dental
extraction.
C. Stiénon*, H. El Yazami, T. Vanhée, I. Loeb. CHU Saint-Pierre,
Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
Background: Occurrence of periodontal pocket with severe inflammation as a consequence of traumatic dental extraction. Case report: A 14 years-old boy presented a localized bone loss of 8 mm
between right mandibular premolars (44 and 45) after an orthodontic treatment. Prior to the treatment, two temporary teeth (75 and
85) were removed. The patient complained of pain in the extraction
socket site (85). Treatment: The periodontal pocket was debrided,
treated with heterologous bone bank grafts and protected by a resorbable membrane (Surgicelâ). After one month, the periodontal
exam shows 2 mm depth at this site. Follow-up: 2 and 6 months, 1
and 2 years after the initial therapy, the bone level has not changed.
This case report emphasizes on the importance of a multi-disciplinary follow-up for children who are orthodontically treated.
PND 55. WITHDRAWN
PND 56. WITHDRAWN
PND 57. A Prospective Study of Cleft Lip and/or
Palate Incidence in BaRia Vung Tau, Vietnam.
J. Lucas1*, J. Christie1, P. Lam Hai2, et al.1Melbourne Australia,
2
National Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate in the province of Ba Ria Vung Tau,
South Vietnam, whilst simultaneously demonstrating an interdisciplinary model of care. Method: One hundred and eighty health professionals from 2 hospitals, 8 health centres and 84 health stations
in the province of Ba Ria Vung Tau were trained to record the number
of infants born with/without cleft lip and/or palate over 12 months.
Within 6 months of birth registration, the infants with CL and/or P
were visited at home and genetic history, comorbidities and feeding methods were recorded. Results: Between June 2005 and May
2006 eleven infants with clefts were born in the southern province
including 3 unilateral clefts of the lip alone, 4 unilateral cleft lip and
palate, 1 palate only and 3 bilateral cleft lip and palate. The incidence of cleft lip and/or palate, provincial distribution, type of cleft
and feeding methods, genetic history, medical history, the presence
of co morbidities will be presented. Conclusion: The interdisciplinary model of care and the use of the data to assist in identifying the
need for service development at both provincial and national levels
will also be discussed.
PND 58. WITHDRAWN
PND 59. CASE REPORT. Marsupialization
as Conser-vative Treatment of Odontogenic
Keratocyst in a 12-year old child.
Y. Gonzalez*, C .Palma, A. Cahuana, et al. Hospital Sant Joan de
Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
Background: Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is a common cyst, locally aggressive and highly recurrent. It is frequently found in the
retromolar area of the mandible. It is believed to arise from remnant
cells of the dental lamina. Case report: A 12-year old female was
referred to the Hospital due to intraoral secretion in the lower right
posterior region. The patient had neither pain nor swelling. Clinically
a small sinus tract was noted next to the lower right second permanent molar (47), which secreted spontaneously. There were deep
probing pockets located distally to the molar. The panoramic X-ray
and CT scans revealed a huge unilocular radiolucency with densely
corticated margins extending from the distal area of the 47 to the
ascending ramus, which enveloped a displaced third lower molar.
Histologically, the lesion was consistent with OKC. Treatment: Initial therapy was focused on decompression of the lesion by means
of a removable acrylic appliance with an attachment that allowed
intracystic drainage. The following ortopantomograph 1 month later,
showed a decrease in the size of the lesion. Under general anaesthesia the OKC was enucleated and the impacted third molar extracted.
Follow-up: Evolution of the lesion is favourable 1 year post surgical
treatment. However, the patient is under strict control due to the
high probability of recurrence. Marsupialization with an appliance
can relieve pressure within the cyst, so that subsequent enucleation
can be performed more simply and conservatively.
PND 60 CASE REPORT. Laser assisted treatment
of a dentigerous cyst.
C. Hahn*, J. R. Boj, C. Poirier, et al.Dept. Paediatric Dentistry,
University of Barcelona, Spain.
Background: Dentigerous cysts are benign maxillary odontogenic
cysts associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth. They can
expand the cortical bone to such an extent that they cause displacement of teeth and root resorption in the adjacent teeth. Case report:
This is a clinical case of a dentigerous cyst in a mandibular permanent molar of a 6-year -old child. The cyst caused the displacement
of the bud of the permanent second molar and root resorption of
the primary second molar. Treatment: The cyst was treated by: (1)
mucous fenestration using an erbium laser; (2) drainage of the fluid
content; and (3) curettage of the bone cavity. Follow-up: The injury
was successfully resolved in just 5 months by: (1) bone regeneration;
(2) the repositioning of the displaced bud; and (3) correct eruption of
the affected tooth.
PND 61. WITHDRAWN
PND 62. Condition dorsal surface of language
and parodont at children with diseases of bodies
of digestion.
V. M. Elizarova*, A. V. Dikaya. The Moscow State University of
Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of children\’s therapeutic stomatology, Moscow, Russia.
Aim: This was to study the condition of fabrics the parodont and
dorsal surface of language at a various pathology of bodies of digestion. Method: 50 children, from 10 till 17 years, with the diagnosis
were clinically surveyed for: ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease-13 (Gp
A), chronic mucous colitis-19 (Gp B), chronic gastritis, gastroduo65
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008
Abstracts of Papers
denitis-18 (Gp C). The group of comparison was made by 35 children without pathology (Gp D). Results: In all children it was revealed chronic marginal gingivitis. Index PMA (Parma C., 1960): Gp
A-34, 82; Gp B-35, 63; Gp C-39, 40; Gp D - 22, 42. At all children
were changes papillae the device of the language, shown hypertrophy filiform papillae, mainly in average and distal parts of language.
The hypertrophy fungiform papillae have come to light on periphery of language and on its tip. The dense white, yellowish, greyish
strike which is settling down mainly in a back and average parts of
language - at 50. Longitudinal cracks and folds of language - at 22,
puffiness of language, prints of a teeth - at 25, sites desquamation
of epithelium on a back and lateral surfaces of language - at 8. The
index of language strike (Yaegaki K., 1998) has made accordingly 2,
75 in Gp A; 2, 17 in Gp B; 2, 41 in Gp C; 1, 31 in Gp D. Index WTC
(Winkel Tongue Coating, E. Winkel (1998)) has made 9, 9 in Gp A; 7,
6 in Gp B; 9, 3 in Gp C; 3, 8 in Gp D. Conclusion: Diseases of various departments of digestive system at all at children are brightly
shown on a mucous membrane dorsal surface of language and in
fabrics of parodont. Obtained data allow confirming the importance
of methods of clinical diagnostics accessible to everyone doctor.
PND 63. WITHDRAWN
PND 64. WITHDRAWN
PND 65. CASE REPORT. Conservative Clinical
Management of Periodontal Disease in two
Children.
C. Palma* , Y .Gonzalez, A. Cahuana. Dept. Paediatric Dentistry
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and University of Barcelona, Spain.
Background: Destructive forms of periodontal disease in children
are uncommon. Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis (GAgP) can be
a manifestation of a systemic disease and generally fails to respond
to standard treatment. For this reason, therapeutic management remains controversial; some support conservative treatment, others
radical. Cases report: A female of 4 years of age and a male of 3
years were referred to the Paediatric Dentistry Department at the
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona due to early loss of incisors. Their medical histories were uneventful. Intra-orally they both
had generalized gingival inflammation and bleeding upon probing,
as well as moderate attachment loss. Moreover, severe mobility affected the remaining dentition. They were both caries free. Dental
X-rays in both cases showed horizontal bone loss in the entire dentition. Blood analysis showed no association with systemic diseases.
Treatment: Both children were treated with antibiotics and extractions of only severely affected teeth, keeping the remaining under
frequent scaling and strict measures of oral hygiene. When gingival
health was achieved, both cases were rehabilitated with prosthetic
removable appliances to restore function and aesthetics. Followup: Three years after dental management both children’s periodontal
health remains in good conditions that allowed the normal eruption
of permanent teeth. These cases show that successful outcome can
be achieved with early diagnose and conservative treatment. They
are actually under strict supervision every 6 months.
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European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry // Abstracts of EAPD Congress, 2008