Download , English Department, the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY IN SOCIAL
COMMUNICATION AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF BUNG HATTA UNIVERSITY
,
,
1
English Department, the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Bung Hatta University
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the research was to find out the second year students’ speaking
ability in social communication at Bung Hatta University. To be more specific it was aimed
to find out the students’ ability in social communication (expressing greeting,
congratulation, apologies). The design of this research was descriptive. The population was
the second year students of Bung Hatta University. The members of population were 44
students. The researcher used total sampling to select the sample since the students were
distributed into two classes; class a and class b. The total number of sample members was
44. In collecting data, the researcher used speaking test. The researcher found the
reliability coefficient for total test was very high (.85). It means that the test was reliable.
Then, the test was valid terms of content validity. Based on the finding, the researcher
found that there were 65.91% of students who got moderate ability in social
communications. In more specific it can be concluded that 31 out of 44 students (70.46%)
who got moderate ability in expressing greeting, 35 out of 44 students (79.55%) who got
moderate ability in expressing congratulation, and 35 out of 44 students (79.55%) who got
moderate ability in expressing apologies. Based on the result, the researcher gives
suggestion to the English teachers to improve their students’ speaking ability especially
more practice in social communication. The students are expected to improve their
speaking ability in social communication into high ability through practicing especially in
social communication. Further researchers are suggested to study about factors that make
students ability moderate.
Key words: Students’ Speaking Ability, Speaking and Social Communication.
English, as the most popular and
In Indonesia, English was adopted as
widely spread international language has
the foreign language. It is one of the subjects
been a central access in
the global
that should be learnt at school. In learning
communication,
knowledge,
English language, learners need to master
technology and culture. For this reason,
four language skills. Those are listening,
English has become a compulsory subject to
speaking, reading, and writing. Listening
be learnt in almost any levels of education in
and reading skills are regarded as receptive
Indonesia.
skills while speaking and writing skills are
business,
1
considered to be productive skills. The four
of second year students, researcher known
skills are all important. However, of all the
that many students had a problem when they
four skills, speaking seems intuitively the
are speaking English. Most of the students
most important (Penny Ur, 1996: 120),
are indicated to have difficulties to do social
because people who know language are
communication in speaking. They had low
referred as „speakers‟ of that language, as if
motivation to practice English, they were
speaking included all others kinds of
afraid of making mistake when describing
knowledge.
one
their ideas with others. Furthermore, the
because in speaking we produce our idea
students had poor fluency, intonation,
orally. According to Louma (2004: 2)
vocabulary,
speaking is an interactive process of
pronunciation. According to Harmer (2007:
constructing
123) speaking is an active productive skills
producing,
Speaking
is
meaning
difficult
that
receiving,
and
involves
processing
that
need
grammar
and
practicing
even
continuously.
information. When we want to join with
Nowadays, speaking skill is the first thing
people we must do interaction how to speak
that everyone must master to communicate
in a good pattern of English. At English
with people in many countries.
Department of Bung Hatta University, there
Based
were several subjects about speaking that
communication,
such
about
as
how
communication (expressing greetings and
social
to
and
year students‟ speaking ability in social
public speaking. In speaking 1, for example
studied
background
researcher limited the research to the second
speaking 1, speaking 2, speaking 3, and
students
the
identification of the problem above, the
should be learnt by students; they are
the
on
expressing
do
apologies,
and
expressing
congratulations) at English Department of
conversation in expressing greetings, and do
Bung Hatta University.
conversation
about
expressing
congratulations,
expressing
apologies,
The researcher did chose second year
expressing yourself, expressing good and
student sat English Department of Bung
bad manners, expressing helping each other,
Hatta University because the students had
and expressing sympathy.
learned the social communication. It was
also based on the syllabus and teaching
Based on the result of informal
material. Therefore, the researcher wanted to
interview that researcher did towards some
2
know the students‟ speaking ability in social
questions concerning the current status of
communication. Based on the limitation of
subject of the study.Descriptive research is a
problem above, this research problem was
research which described the condition and
formulated as follows “How was the second
the phenomena in order to get real
year students‟ speaking ability in social
information
communication at English Department of
manipulation.
Bung Hatta University?”
descriptive design to know the students‟
without
So
the
experimental
researcher
used
speaking ability in social communication at
Relating with the formulation of
the
problem above, the research questions were
second
year
students
of
English
Department Bung Hatta University.
formulated as follows:
According to Gay (1987:102) population
a. How was the second year students‟
speaking
Department
ability
of
at
Bung
is a group to which researcher describe the
English
result of the research to be generalized.
Hatta
From the definition above, it could be
University in expressing greetings?
concluded that population is all aspects that
b. How was the second year students‟
speaking
Department
ability
of
at
Bung
everything will be subject or object of
English
research. The population of this research
Hatta
was the second year students of Bung Hatta
University in expressing apologies?
University.The total number of population
c. How was the second year students‟
speaking
Department
ability
of
University
in
at
members of this study was 44 and they were
English
Bung
distributed into two classes.
Hatta
Because of the number of population
expressing
was small, the researcher used all population
congratulations?
members as sample. In this study, the
researcher used total sampling technique to
Research Method
select the sample of this study. According to
Research Design
Usman
and Akbar (2006: 181) total
The design of this research was
sampling technique is a sampling technique
descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) states
where the number of sample equal to the
that descriptive research involved collecting
population.
data in order to test hypothesis or to answer
3
A good test must be valid and
n = the numbers of students who followed
reliable. Gay (1887:128) states that a test is
the test
valid if it measures what is supposed to be
x = the score from the first scorer
measured. According to Arikunto (2012:82),
y = the score from the second scorer
one of the types of test validity is content
∑
the total cross product of xy
validity. To know the validity of the test, the
After
that, the
researcher used
researcher used content validity in which the
Arikunto‟s idea (2012:89) to clasified the
test was constructed based on the syllabus
degree of coefficient correlation of the test:
and teaching material given to the second
.81-1.00 : very high
year students at Bung Hatta University.
.61-.80 : high
According
to
Gay
(1987;135),
.41-.60 : enough
reliability is the degree of the test that
.21-.40 : low
consistently measures
.00-.20 : very low
whatever
to be
measured. To find out the reliability of the
Based on the result of data analysis,
test,the researcher uses inter-rater technique.
the coefficient corelation reliability index of
It means there are two assessors (assessor
this test between two scorer was .85. It is
one and assessor two) to check students‟s
cotegoried as very high correlation. It means
speaking. The
first assessor was the
that the test was reliable and could be used
researcher and the second scorer was Laila
as instrument to collect the data of this
Maghfirah because she had the same ability
study.
with the reseacher in speaking subjects.
Table 1: Criteria of Scoring Speaking
To find out the reliability index of
Aspects
speaking test, the researcher used Pearson
Criteria
of
Product Moment as follows :
Speaking
Content  Content and ideas
∑
√
∑
∑
∑
∑
∑
Score
are not related to
∑
the topic, and not
clear enough, there
Where:
is no expression of
rxy= the coefficient correlation between
greeting, apologize,
variable x and y.
and congratulation.
4
0
 Content and ideas
1
greeting, apologies,
and congratulation.
are less organized
Pronunci  Students
and related to the
ation
topic but not clear
are
difficult
to
enough, and there is
understand, quiet in
no
speaking, unclear in
expression
of
greeting, apologies,
pronunciation.
 Pronunciation
and congratulation.
 Content and ideas
2
slightly
is
with there are 75%
topic,
errors
slightly
in
organized, but not
pronunciation
clear enough, and
 Pronunciation
is
there are expression
good, but there are
of
50%
greeting,
and
errors
in
 Pronunciation
3
is
understand,
to
there are 25% errors
topic,
organized
enough,
and
there
expression
 Pronunciation
of
to
and congratulation.
Words
4
highly
100%
expression
understand.
are
correct
in
pronunciation.
Grammar  There
related to the topic,
there
4
pronounce correctly
organized, clear and
and
is
very clear and easy
greeting, apologies,
are
but
in pronunciation
are
 Content and ideas
3
clear and easy to
are clear and related
the
2
pronunciation
congratulation
 Content and ideas
1
unclear
are related to the
apologies,
0
are
are
100%
errors in grammar
of
5
0
 There are errors in
grammar
 There
1
around
is
hesitation
 There are errors in
grammar
 There
2
around
is
some
2
repetition and 50%
50%
hesitation
 There are errors in
grammar
 There is a little
3
around
3
repetition and 25%
25%
hesitation
 There is no mistake
 There
4
in grammar
is
are
no
repetition
mostly
Lary
1
repetition and 75%
75%
Vocabu  There
some
100%
4
and
easy
to
understand.
0
Modified: from Brown (2010: 212-213)
errors in choice of
words
 There are errors in
choice
of
In analizing the data, the researcher used
1
descriptiveanalysis
words
procedures of analyzing the data were as
around 75%
 There are errors in
choice
of
follows:
2
1. The researcher presented the raw
words
score given by the first and second
around 50%
 There are errors in
choice
of
assessors.
3
2. The formula used to count the
words
students‟ scores from two scorers
around 25%
 There have good
4
was:
Students’ score = 1’s score + 2’s score
choice of words
Fluency  There are so many
2
0
3. The researcher calculated Mean (M)
repetition and really
difficult
technique.The
and Standard Deviation (SD)
to
∑
understand
6
Where: M
= mean
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
∑X = the total score of the students
N
Findings
= the number of students
√
∑
Based on the result of data analysis,
∑
( )
it was found that the highest score of
students in social communication was 58.5
Where: SD
= standard deviation
and the lowest one was 46.5. After
N
= numbers of students
calculating Mean and Standard Deviation, it
∑x
= the total score of students
was found that the Mean was 54.06 and
∑
= the sum of all the squares
Standard Deviation was 2.98. Based on the
4. The researcher classified the students
classification of students‟ speaking ability, it
ability into high, moderate or low by
was found that in general 7 students
using
(15.91%) had high ability, 29 students
the
following
categories
(65.91%) had moderate ability, and 18
(Arikunto, 2010:299)
>M+SD
(M-SD)
communication. In order to be clear, it can
(M+SD) = Moderate
M - SD
5. The
students (18.18%) had low ability in social
= High
researcher
be seen on the following diagram 1:
= Low
calculated
the
Diagram 1
The Percentage of Students by the
Classification of Their ability in Social
Communication
percentage of the students who had
high, moderate, or low ability by
using the following formula:
18,18%
15,91%
65,91%
Where:
High
Moderate
Low
P = percentage of students who got
high, moderate, or low ability.
Students’ Speaking Ability in Social
F = the sum of the students who got
Communication of Expressing Greeting
high, moderate, or low ability.
N =the sum of the students.
Based on the result of data analysis,
6. Finally, the researcher interpreted the
it was found that highest score of students in
result of data analysis.
social communication of expressing greeting
7
was 20 and the lowest one was 15. After
was 1.47. Based on the classification of
calculating Mean and Standard Deviation, it
students‟ speaking ability, it was found that
was found that the Mean was 18.47 and
in general 3 students (6.81%)
Standard Deviation was 1.26. Based on the
ability, 35 students (79.55%) had moderate
classification of students‟ speaking ability, it
ability, and 6 students (13.64%) had low
was found that in general 9 students
ability
(20.45%) had high ability,
31 students
expressing congratulation. In order to be
(70.46%) had moderate ability, and 4
clear, it can be seen on the following
students (9.091) had low ability in social
diagram 3:
in
social
had high
communication
of
communication of expressing greeting. In
Diagram 3
The Percentage of Students by the
Classification of Their ability in
Social Communication of Expressing
Congratulation
order to be clear, it can be seen on the
following diagram 2:
Diagram 2
The Percentage of Students by the
Classification of Their ability in Social
Communication of Expressing
Greeting
9,09%
13,64% 6,81%
High
79,55%
Moderate
Low
20,45%
High
Moderate
70,46%
Students’ Speaking Ability in Social
Low
Communication of Expressing Apologies
Based on the result of data analysis,
Students’ Speaking Ability in Social
Communication
of
it was found that highest score of students in
Expressing
social
Congratulation
communication
of
expressing
apologies was 20 and the lowest one was
Based on the result of data analysis,
13.5. After calculating Mean and Standard
it was found that highest score of students in
Deviation, it was found that the Mean was
social
expressing
17.89 and Standard Deviation was 1.47.
congratulation was 19.5 and the lowest one
Based on the classification of students‟
was 14. After calculating Mean and
speaking ability, it was found that in general
Standard Deviation, it was found that the
5 students (11.36%) had high ability, 35
Mean was 17.69 and Standard Deviation
students (79.55%) had moderate ability, and
communication
of
8
4 students (9.09%) had low ability in social
expressing congratulation at Bung
communication of expressing apologies. In
Hatta University was moderate. It
order to be clear, it can be seen on the
was supported by the fact that 35 out
following diagram 4:
of
44
students
(79.55%)
got
moderate ability
Diagram 4
The Percentage of Students by the
Classification of Their ability in Social
Communication of Expressing Apologies
4. The second year students‟ speaking
ability in social communication of
expressing apologies at Bung Hatta
9,09% 11,36%
University was moderate. It was
High
supported by the fact that 35 out of
Moderate
79,55%
44 students (79.55%) got moderate
Low
ability
Suggestions
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Based on the conclusion above, the
researcher gives several suggestions.
Conclusions
1. The second year students‟ speaking
 Firstly since the result of the
ability in social communication at
research that students‟ speaking
Bung
was
ability in social communication
moderate. It was supported by the
is moderate, the lecturer are
fact that 29 out of 44 students
suggested
(65.91%) got moderate ability
students‟
Hatta
University
2. The second year students‟ speaking
to
improve
speaking
their
ability
especially more practice in social
communication.
ability in social communication of
 Secondly, referring to the result
expressing of greeting at Bung Hatta
University was moderate. It was
of
supported by the fact that 31 out of
moderate
44 students (70.46%) got moderate
communication, the students are
ability
expected
to
speaking
ability
3. The second year students‟ speaking
research
that
ability
they
in
improve
in
have
social
their
social
communication into high ability
ability in social communication of
9
through
practicing
especially
speaking
in
Classroom Practices. New York:
social
Pearson Education.
communication.
Gay, LR. (1987). Educational Research:
 The last, the researcher has done
Competencies
a study about the students‟
speaking
ability
in
for
Analysis
and
Application. (3 th Ed). Ohio: Merrill
social
Publishing Company.
communication and the result
showed that the students‟ ability
Harmer, Jeremy. (2007). How to Teach
is moderate. But the researcher
English. Saaffon Waldon: Stenton
has not yet studied the factors
Associates.
why their ability was moderate.
Louma, Sari. (2004). Assessing Speaking.
So, it is suggested to another
Cambridge: Cambridge University
researcher to study about the
Press.
factors that make their ability
Penny, Ur. (1996). A Course in Language
moderate.
Teaching: Practice
BIBLIOGRAPHY
United
–
Arikunto, S. (2012). Dasar
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Aksara.
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Pengantar
Brown, H Douglas and Abeywickrama,
Assessment
Kingdom:
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Principles
Theory.
Cambridge
University Press.
dasar
Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi
Priyanda. (2010).
and
and
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and Akbar. R.
(2006).
Statistika.
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