Download Ionic and Bonding

Ionic and Covalent Bonding
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All atoms want to have 8 valence electrons in order to have a full outer energy level and be
stable and satisfied. Just like the noble gases.
 Having a full outer energy level (8 valence electrons) is called the Noble Gas Configuration.
Remember Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom.
Only valence electrons are involved in bonding.
 Remember The group numbers (1,2,13-18) tell you the number of valence electrons an atom
has.
How many valence electrons does an atom want?
8
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8 valence electrons are called the noble gas configuration. Why?
All noble gases naturally have 8 valence electrons (except He w/2). Noble gases are stable
and do not react. All atoms want to be stable- like the noble gases.
An atom will lose or gain 1,2, or 3 electrons in order to get to 8 valence electrons. When an
atom gains or loses electrons, it will become positively or negatively charged. This is called
an ion.
Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons becoming positively or negatively charged
When an atom gains electrons it becomes negatively-charged.
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When an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged.
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Ionic Bonding: atoms of an element will transfer valence electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons.
After this transfer, the atoms will become oppositely charged and attracted. Remember- opposites
attract
 The overall force of an ionic compound is 0.
 Ionic bonds always occur between a metal and a nonmetal.
Examples:
Example:
NaCl
CaO
MgBr2
Covalent Bonding
 Some atoms bond not by transferring electrons but rather by sharing electrons. These are
called covalent bonds.
 Covalent Bonding is always between 2 nonmetals.
 Atoms bond covalently in order reach 8 valence electrons. (2 for Hydrogen)
Examples
Cl2
CF4
Octet Rule

Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 8 valance electrons in their
outermost energy level. Atoms bond in order to reach the noble gas configuration. (8
valence electrons)
Duet Rule

Hydrogen, Lithium, and Berylium, will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 2
valance electrons. Why? These elements are stable when their first energy level has 2
valence electrons since the first energy level can only hold a total of 2 valence electrons.
Examples:
H2O
LiCl
What type of boding occurs between the following elements?
Ca
O
H
F
S
O
K
Cl
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
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All atoms want to have _____________________in order to have a full outer energy level and be
stable and satisfied.
Having a full outer energy level (8 valence electrons) is called the
____________________________.

Remember Valence electrons are the __________________ electrons of an atom.
 Only _____________________________ are involved in bonding.
 Remember The group numbers (1,2,13-18) tell you the number of valence electrons an atom
has.
How many valence electrons does an atom want?
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8 valence electrons is called the___________________________________________. Why?
All noble gases naturally have 8 valence electrons (except He w/2). Noble gases are stable
and do not react. All atoms want to be stable- like the noble gases.
An atom will lose or gain 1,2, or 3 electrons in order to get to 8 valence electrons. When an
atom gains or loses electrons, it will become positively or negatively charged. This is called
an _________________.
Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons becoming positively or negatively charged
When an atom _____________ electrons it becomes negatively-charged.

When an atom _____________ electrons it becomes positively charged.

Ionic Bonding: atoms of an element will _________________ valence electrons in order to reach 8
valence electrons. After this transfer, the atoms will become oppositely charged and attracted.
Remember- opposites attract
 The overall force of an ionic compound is _____________.

Ionic bonds always occur between a ____________________.
Examples:
Example:
NaCl
CaO
MgBr2
Covalent Bonding
 Some atoms bond not by transferring electrons but rather by ____________________
electrons. These are called covalent bonds.
 Covalent Bonding is always between ____________________.
 Atoms bond covalently in order reach 8 valence electrons. (2 for Hydrogen)
Examples
CH4
H2O
Octet Rule

Atoms will __________________________________________electrons in order to
reach ________ valance electrons in their outermost energy level. Atoms ___________
in order to reach the noble gas configuration. (8 valence electrons)
Duet Rule

Hydrogen, Lithium, and Berylium, will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to reach 2
valance electrons. Why? These elements are stable when their first energy level has 2
valence electrons since the first energy level can only hold a total of 2 valence electrons.
Examples:
H2O
LiCl
What type of boding occurs between the following elements?
Ca
O
H
F
S
O
K
Cl
http://www.colinamiddle.net/dmatras/Chapter%205/pages/Ionic%20
Bonding%20Worksheet-1.pdf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNBzyM6TcK8&feature=related
Oxidation number- the charge of an ion after it has gained or lost
electrons in order to reach 8 valence electrons.
 All the elements in a group will have the same oxidation number.