Download Melatonin treatment of aging woman: doses, side effects, how to

Melatonin treatment of aging woman: doses, side effects, how to
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EMAA Friday October 17 , 2008
Melatonin decreases dramatically with aging compare with the optimal value of the young adult at the age
of thirty. It remains only 50% at forty years and then years later the plasma levels are even lower of 75%. At
60 years melatonin level represents 9% of the young adult and there may be no increase in melatonin
production at night (1, 2).
The signs of over dosage during melatonin therapy are: tachycardia, sweating events, heavy head in the
morning, too vivid dreams, those might be assigned to excess stimulation of the 5’ deiodinase activity which
converts T4, the inactive form, into T3 the powerful form of thyroid hormones (3, 4, 5).
Another side effect is a deep prolonged sleepiness the whole night until late in the morning. All those side
effects may be solved by reducing melatonin dosage. In case of insufficient daylight exposure during the day
(too dark office room or insufficient lighthouse or during autumn and wintertime) melatonin receptor will be
less synthesized but also endogenous melatonin secretion at night will be decreased as of an excess of light
in bedroom at night may produce the same adverse effects (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) . Stress or excess cortisol (11) and
adrenaline are responsible for a decrease in melatonin secretion so that melatonin dosage should be
increased. Exposure to magnetic fields is associated with decreased nocturnal melatonin levels. Many
medicines may interfere with melatonin production (12, 13, 14) : B-blocking agents (15, 16), benzodiazepine
(17, 18), glucocorticoids, oral contraceptive pill (19), sodium valproate, all those agents decrease melatonin
production. Alcohol (20), as tobacco (21, 22) consumption decrease melatonin levels during the night.
Caffeine, ingested in the evening at a dose corresponding to two ordinary cups of coffee, augments the
nocturnal serum melatonin level, which supports the notion that cytochrome P450(CYP)1A2 is involved in
the hepatic metabolism of human melatonin (23).
Melatonin therapy increasesT4 conversion into T3 and also growyh hormone, DHEA production (24, 25, 26,
27). It has no effect on ovarian function in case of physiological supplementation but may reduce estrogens
levels in case of overdosage or prescribed for postmenopausal women (28)., Melatonin should be avoided
during pregnancy and breast feeding since its teratogenic effect is not known. Patients suffering from autoimmune diseases have been shown to have an imbalance between cortisol and melatonin in favor of this last
one (29). Melatonin supplementation may worsen auto-immune disease (30, 31). Melatonin is an
immunomodulation agent it alters the balance of leucocyte T helper Th1 and Th2 cells mainly towards Th1
response, although, stimulating the production of natural killer cells, monocytes and leucocytes (32, 33, 34,
35, 36).
References
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4. Nocturnal increases in the triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio in the rat thymus and pineal gland follow increases of type
II 5'-deiodinase activity. Soutto M, Guerrero JM, Osuna C, Molinero P. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 Feb;30(2):235-41.
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J Neurochem. 1997 Feb;68(2):795-803.
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of the HEIJO-KYO Study. Kenji Obayashi, Keigo Saeki, Junko Iwamoto, Nozomi Okamoto, Kimiko Tomioka, Satoko Nezu,
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Joshua J. Gooley, Kyle Chamberlain, Kurt A. Smith, Sat Bir S. Khalsa, Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam, Eliza Van Reen, Jamie M.
Zeitzer, Charles A. Czeisler and Steven W. Lockley. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism March 1, 2011 vol.
96 no. 3 E463-E472
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gland. Dr. H. A. Welker, P. Semm, R. P. Willig, J. C. Commentz, W. Wiltschko, L. Vollrath. Experimental Brain Research.
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Reif, Michael G. Yost, Thomas J. Keefe and Charles A. Pitrat. Am J Epidemiol Vol. 150, No. 1, 1999:27-36.
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Garfinkel D, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1997 Mar-Apr;24(2):223-31.
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polymorphism. Hilli J, Korhonen T, Turpeinen M, Hokkanen J, Mattila S, Laine K. J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;48(8):986-94.
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