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DR. AJIT TRIVEDI VETERINARY OFFICER INTENSIVE POULTRY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK, ALEMBIC ROAD VADODARA GONITIS: INFLAMMATION OF STIFLE JOINT IN EQVINE ETIOLOGY, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT GONITIS WHAT IS GONITIS ? INFLAMMATION OF STIFLE JOINT DAMAGING THE ARTICULATING SURFACE OF BONE, CARTILAGE &CO-LATERAL AND CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.IT IS A SERIOUS DISEASE EVEN IN MILD FORM AND OFTEN RESULTS IN PERMENANT DISABILITY OF THE AFEECTED HORSE. Etiology:several factors. (1). Injury to the anterior or posterial cruciate ligament (2) sprain of medial or lateral co-lateral ligament. (3) injury to the menisci. (4) Injury to the joint capsule. (5) Fracture of bone forming stifle joint. (6) Partial or complete upward fixation of patela. Anatomy The stifle is actually comprised of two joints: the joint of the femur and tibia, which is called Femorotibial, and the joint of the femur and patella, called Femoropatella. The cruciate ligaments, a pair of ligaments which cross each other and connect the femur to the tibia, are situated between the two joint pouches of the femorotibial joints. Direct joint communication between the medial femorotibal and femoropatella joints is present in most of the horses. The Menisci, which are cartilaginous C-shaped discs positioned between the femur and tibia -Assist in providing shock absorption and prevent bone to bone contact. There are also a number of important supporting ligamentous structures, including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, as well as the lateral, middle and medial patella ligaments. STIFLE JOINT STIFLE JOINT CLINICAL FINDINGS: (1) palpation of stifle joint reveal pain. (2)Distension and thickening of joint capsule between the patellar ligament. (3)Horse keep stifle joint slightly flex. (4)Horse limping by affected hind limb. (5) Horse not able to bear the weight on affected hind limb. TREATMENT: DEPEND ON A RANGE OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE EXACT NATURE AND SEVERITY OF THE INJURY, INTENDED FUTURE USE OF THE HORSE AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS. (1) Give Analgesic and Anti inflammatory drug. Inj.Esgipyrin 15ml I/M or Inj.prednisolone10ml I/M (2)Give Nervine tonic Inj.B1, B6,B12 10ml I/M (3)Advise owner to give complete rest to the horse. (4)Complete rest follow by controlled exercise programme. Injection of hyaluronic acid preparations once weakly for 6 -8 weeks gives good results. Application of counterirritants or cautery may be helpful LATEST LINE OF TREATMENT Direct intraarticular treatment: Corticosteroids, Hyaluronic acid Systemic treatment with drugs, such as: phenylbutazone, oral joint supplements, pentosan,Glucosamine Surgery: Arthroscopy, Blistering of patella ligaments Complementary therapies: massage, acupuncture Systematic treatments Arthroscopy It is a procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems. A surgeon inserts a narrow tube attached to a fiber-optic video camera through a small incision — about the size of a buttonhole. The view inside your joint is transmitted to a high-definition video monitor. Te Menisci, The Menisci,which whichare are cartilaginous C-shaped discs positionedbetween positiond betweenthe thefemur femur and tibia, assist in providing shock absorption and prevent bone-on-bone contact. There are also a number of important supporting ligamentous structures, including the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, as well as the lateral, middle and medial patella ligaments. Stifle injuries in the horse range from minor to very severe. If your horse is locking its patella, the prognosis is very good with proper treatment. If your horse has ruptured ligaments or a torn meniscus, the prognosis is more guarded and will likely require surgery. . Arthritis of the stifle has a poor prognosis for athletic soundness. veterinarian will be able to determine the type of injury and prognosis.